Refine
Year of Publication
Document Type
- Contribution to Periodical (44)
- Peer-Reviewed Article (40)
- Part of a Book (30)
- Report (22)
- Working Paper (17)
- Book (4)
- Conference Object (4)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
After two weeks of negotiations, climate diplomats completed the implementation of the Protocol, refined some of its instruments for implementation and agreed on processes for moving forward beyond the first Kyoto commitment period. The report by the Wuppertal Institute provides an overview and assessment of the agreements reached in Montreal.
The international climate negotiations have seen endless struggles between countries from South and North for almost 17 years, ever since the initiation of negotiations by the International Negotiation Committee (INC) for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The 13th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 3rd meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP 13 / CMP 3) held in Bali in December 2007 (the Bali conference) could mark the beginning of a rapprochement. Parties agreed on initiating a new "Ad-hoc working group on Long-Term Cooperative Action under the Convention" (AWG-LCA) that aims to negotiate a post-2012 agreement with participation of all parties, including the US and developing countries, by the end of 2009 at COP 15 / CMP 5 in Copenhagen. This article examines the outcomes of the Bali conference, focussing on the negotiations regarding post-2012, flexible mechanisms, financial mechanisms, technology transfer and deforestation. Finally, the article concludes that the Bali Conference saw a significant shift in the battle lines, a rearrangement of positions and alliances that might well announce a decisive new era in global climate policy and provides a real chance to agree on an effective and workable post-2012 agreement in Copenhagen.
The United Nations climate change conference in Nairobi came at the end of a year where public awareness of climate change had reached unprecedented heights. Nonetheless, the conference proceeded with its usual diplomatic ritual, apparently unaffected by time pressure. While it did see some progress on important issues for developing countries such as the Adaptation Fund, the Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, Vulnerability, and Adaptation to Climate Change, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), on questions regarding the future of the regime it proved to be at best a confidence-building session that served to hear further views. More serious work on the future of the regime must therefore be expected of the next Conferences of the Parties.
This article by Wolfgang Sterk, Hermann E. Ott, Rie Watanabe and Bettina Wittneben summarises the results of the conference.
Towards an effective and equitable climate change agreement : a Wuppertal proposal for Copenhagen
(2009)
This paper presents comprehensive proposals for the post-2012 climate regime: the scale of the challenge, emission targets for industrialised countries, increased actions by Southern countries, financing, technology, adaptation and deforestation. The proposals are based on ongoing research by the Wuppertal Institute.
Finanzmärkte und Klimasystem haben eines gemeinsam: Sie sind Gemeingüter, wurden aber übernutzt wie die sprichwörtliche Gemeindewiese. Sie sollten allen zugutekommen, wurden jedoch nach dem Recht des Stärkeren zur Bereicherung weniger missbraucht. Damit sich das in den jetzigen Krisen nicht wiederholt, müssen die Industrieländer sicherstellen, dass die staatlichen Mittel, die sie für die Bankenliquidität mobilisieren, zugleich für klimapolitische Projekte eingesetzt werden. Bisher jedoch geschieht das Gegenteil: Unsere Wirtschaftsordnung lädt die (Finanz-) Marktakteure geradezu ein, die öffentlichen Güter auszubeuten.
Der Verkehrssektor ist keineswegs der einzige, jedoch ein wesentlicher Verursacher der Klimaprobleme. Der Automobilverkehr als traditioneller Hauptbelaster im Verkehrsbereich zeigt zwar vergleichsweise positive Tendenzen, trotzdem ist auch hier noch erheblicher weiterer Handlungsbedarf gegeben. Das Wuppertal Institut hat hier in übersichtlicher und systematischer Form Stand und Perspektiven zusammengetragen. Nach einer ausführlichen Einbettung in den Klimadiskurs erfolgt die schrittweise Konzentration auf den PKW-Verkehr Deutschlands. Für diesen Bereich werden im Detail die denkbaren technischen Ansätze und die möglichen Umsetzungsmaßnahmen erörtert.
Pit stop Poznan : an analysis of negotiations on the Bali action plan at the stopover to Copenhagen
(2009)
This paper analyzes the international climate negotiations that took place at the 14th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP) and the 4th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) held in Poznan, December 1–12, 2008. It works out the main issues at stake in the negotiations, contrasts divergences in interests amongst negotiating Parties, and summarizes the main results achieved in Poznan. Furthermore, it contextualizes the Poznan negotiations within the broader political and economic context, which has shaped climate policy making throughout 2008. The paper ends with an outlook on the tasks ahead in 2009, until the next COP/CMP in December 2009 in Copenhagen.
National welfare is no longer an effective frame of reference for enlightened foreign policy. Policy consideration must encompass the common welfare of a world society. Environmental and resource crises are inextricably tied to security and justice. Sixty years after the founding of the United Nations there should be a new effort to establish a genuinely sustainable global order - a "San Francisco 2.0".
Das Vorhaben analysiert 1.) die Argumente verschiedener Positionen im Wachstumsdiskurs und formuliert eine idealtypische "vorsorgeorientierte Postwachstumsposition". Er präsentiert zudem Ursachen von Wirtschaftswachstum und identifiziert gesellschaftliche Bereiche, deren Funktion vom Wirtschaftswachstum abhängen könnte. Darüber hinaus werden Reformvorschläge diskutiert, um diese Wachstumsabhängigkeit zu verringern. Das Vorhaben untersucht 2.) die Relevanz der Postwachstumsdebatte für Ressourcenpolitik und eine entsprechende Instrumentierung. Außerdem werden 3.) konstitutive Kernelemente einer nachhaltigen (Postwachstums-)Gesellschaft bestimmt. Das Vorhaben setzt damit Impulse zur gesellschaftlichen Debatte über die Ausgestaltung und Instrumentierung von Transformationspfaden für "gesellschaftliches Wohlergehen innerhalb planetarer Grenzen".
What is the significance of the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali? The formal outcomes, especially the "Bali Action Plan", are described and commented on, along with the challenges for negotiating a post-2012 agreement in Copenhagen during 2008 and 2009. The article concludes that the outcome of the Bali meeting is insufficient when compared to the nature of the challenge posed by climate change. However, it can nevertheless be considered a success in terms of "Realpolitik" in paving the way for the negotiations ahead, because some real changes have been discerned in the political landscape. The challenges for the road towards Copenhagen are manifold: the sheer volume and complexity of the issues and the far-reaching nature of decisions such as differentiation between non-Annex I countries pose significant challenges in themselves, while the dependency on the electoral process in the USA introduces a high element of risk into the whole process. The emergence of social justice as an issue turns climate policy into an endeavour to improve the world at large - thereby adding to the complexity. And, finally, the biggest challenge is the recognition that the climate problem requires a global solution, that Annex I and non-Annex I countries are mutually dependent on each other and that only cooperation regarding technology in combination with significant financial support will provide the chance to successfully tackle climate change.
Global climate
(2005)
Letzte Zuflucht Glauben : der Beitrag der Spiritualität zur Erhaltung einer lebenswerten Welt
(2016)
Die ökologische und soziale Situation der Welt ist dramatisch. Politische Vereinbarungen oder Appelle konnten das Ruder bislang nicht herumreißen. Es wird immer deutlicher, dass sich die Außenwelt nur ändert, wenn sich auch in der Innenwelt der Menschen etwas tut. Gibt es spirituelle Ansätze in den verschiedenen Religionen, die den dringend nötigen sozial-ökologischen Wandel anstoßen können? Eine Spurensuche.
Dieses Wuppertal Paper richtet sich an die interessierte Öffentlichkeit sowie an Produzenten und Dienstleister, die zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel beitragen können. Es gibt zunächst einen Überblick zur Problematik des Klimawandels und über die voraussichtlichen Schäden bzw. die Kosten der Anpassung. Die Autoren beschreiben sodann die Auswirkungen auf klimasensible Wirtschaftsbereiche und skizzieren schließlich die Chancen, die sich für die Unternehmen aus der zukünftig notwendigen Anpassung in vielen vom Klimawandel betroffenen Bereichen bieten. Fazit: Der Erfolg bei der Anpassung der bestehenden Produkte sowie bei der Gestaltung neuer Produkte an den Klimawandel wird auch maßgeblich über die künftigen Marktchancen von vielen Unternehmen in Deutschland und darüber hinaus entscheiden.
Breaking the impasse : forging an EU leadership initiative on climate change ; a policy paper
(2001)
This paper analyses the results of the climate conference in Lima 2014 in the light of the coming climate summit in Paris by the end of this year (COP21). The authors from the Wuppertal Institute make recommendations for the improvement of the current cooperation in the context of the climate convention and they suggest to complement the existing UN regime with a club of forerunner countries in order to provide new breath for international climate policy.
Aufgrund der asymmetrischen Struktur von Ursache und Wirkung (historische Hauptverursacher im Norden, besondere Verwundbarkeit des Südens) und aufgrund der schnell aufholenden Entwicklung der Schwellenländer sind vor allem die Nord-Süd-Beziehungen ein entscheidender Faktor bei der Bewältigung des Klimaproblems. Die "alten", traditionellen Industriestaaten werden die sich industrialisierenden Staaten des Südens nur dann zu eigenen Minderungsleistungen bewegen können, wenn sie - neben eigenen ambitionierten Reduktionen - auch in hohem Maße die Minderungsmaßnahmen im Süden finanzieren und die ärmeren Staaten bei der Anpassung unterstützen. Technologische Unterstützung und Finanzierung sind deshalb bei der internationalen Klimakonferenz (COP13) in Bali im Jahr 2007 zu einem Kernprojekt für die post-2012-Verhandlungen geworden.
Selbst konservative Schätzungen rechnen mit mehreren Dutzend Milliarden US-Dollar für die Minderung des Treibhausgasausstoßes und für Anpassungsmaßnahmen pro Jahr. Es ist daher nötig, bei der Finanzierung der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels nicht allein auf staatliche Mittel zu setzen, sondern auch private Mittel verstärkt mit einzubeziehen.
Diese Kurzstudie, die für das Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) Anfang 2008 erstellt wurde, bietet eine Aufstellung und Bewertung der bestehenden Finanzierungsoptionen auf multilateraler (und zum Teil bilateraler) Ebene, sowie eine Darstellung von in der Planung befindlichen Instrumenten und innovativer Vorschläge für neue Formen der Zusammenarbeit von staatlichen und privaten Akteuren.
Der Emissionshandel im Kontext des bestehenden umweltpolitischen und -rechtlichen Instrumentariums
(2002)
US-Präsident Donald Trump verkündete am Nachmittag des 1. Juni 2017 im Rosengarten des Weißen Hauses, dass er das Pariser Klimaabkommen aus dem Jahr 2015 kündigen wolle. Was bedeutet dieser Schritt der USA für den globalen Klimaschutz? Dieser in brief zeigt, in welcher Weise die an Klimaschutz interessierten Staaten sich am besten organisieren, um das Pariser Klimaabkommen und die globale Klimapolitik erfolgreich weiterzuführen.
On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected to become the 45th President of the United States of America. In his campaign, he repeatedly expressed his intention to "cancel the Paris Agreement". How can the course set with the adoption of the Paris Agreement be continued independently of the developments in the US? Lukas Hermwille and Wolfgang Obergassel sketch possible consequences of the sea change of US climate policy for the international negotiation process and identify options for a "Trump-resilient" way forward.
Dieses Papier gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Formen der Technologiekooperation und prüft ihre Verwendbarkeit für die internationalen post-2012-Klimaverhandlungen. Es plädiert für einen umfassenden Ansatz unter Einbeziehung aller Elemente, also des gemeinsamen RD&D, der gemeinsamen Standardsetzung und der Finanzierung neuer Technologien. Die Vor- und Nachteile eines separaten Technologieprotokolls werden abgewogen - wobei die Nachteile überwiegen. Abschließend wird, unter Verweis auf die Verhandlungen in Bali, die Gründung einer Technologieallianz für Klimaschutz mit den Entwicklungs- und insbesondere den Schwellenländern empfohlen. Dies würde die post-2012-Verhandlungen entscheidend voranbringen, die diplomatische und technologische Zusammenarbeit mit den aufstrebenden Schwellenländern stärken und die Führungsrolle der Europäischen Union in der Klimapolitik - aber nicht nur dort - festigen.
The first Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP 1) took place from 28 November to 10 December 2005 in Montreal, in conjunction with the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 11). This meeting signifies a successful start into a new era of international climate policy: The Kyoto Protocol, which in the past had been sometimes declared as being dead, has become operational.
The challenges of the meeting were framed along the "Three Is", Implementation, Improvement and Innovation. The first challenge (Implementation) entailed in particular the adoption of the Marrakesh Accords, the agreements reached at COP 7 in Marrakesh that set out the detailed rules for making the Kyoto Protocol operational. The second challenge (Improvement) referred to improving the work of the Framework Convention and the Kyoto Protocol in the near future. The third and most important challenge (Innovation) referred to the further evolution of the regime.
This article by Bettina Wittneben, Wolfgang Sterk, Hermann E. Ott und Bernd Brouns provides an account of the main developments in Montreal along the lines of the "Three Is". The paper concludes with an assessment and outlook on international climate policy.
The 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference had been scheduled from 1 to 12 December in Lima/Peru. While in the run-up to the conference, China and the US in a surprise bilateral move had announced plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions that exceeded expectations, the conference was characterised once again by a deep division between key players from the former so-called "developed" and "developing" world. The negotiations thus took 32 hours longer than planned and ended on Sunday morning at 1.22 am. More importantly, the conference failed almost completely to resolve the tasks it was supposed to do in order to prepare the last round of negotiations before next year's conference in Paris 2015, which is supposed to deliver a comprehensive future climate agreement. A team of researchers from the Wuppertal Institute attended the conference and have compiled a first assessment of the results.
Klimagipfel in Berlin
(1995)
Global climate
(2007)
Global climate
(1998)
This report will first provide a brief account of the political developments that led to the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol. Second, it will provide a preliminary analysis of the Kyoto Protocol itself, and, third, it will assess the prospects for the further development of international climate policy and law in 1998 and beyond. Developments outside of the Kyoto negotiations will be included to further elucidate the actual international negotiations.
Mpumalanga - ein Opfer des Klimawandels? : Neue Rekorde halten die Klimawissenschaftler in Atem
(2000)
International climate policy is one of the most fascinating issues in foreign policy, yet in recent years it has become one of the most contentious. The failure of the conference in The Hague revealed, among other things, strongunderlying rifts in the transatlantic relationship. As the self-acclaimed worldleader, the United States is not in a position to exert leadership in this vital area owing to a mixture of constitutional constraints and an ever-growing cultural dependence on fossil fuels such as oil and gas. It therefore falls to the European Union to take up this challenge. This will require careful coalition building with the rest of the world as well as confidence in the ability of Europe to develop a united position, to stick to that position and to translate the rules of the Kyoto Protocol into stringent domestic climate policy. The climate change regime is at a crossroads. At the resumed COP-6 con-ference, the Parties must decide whether to continue the process under theassumption ‘that global problems require global solutions’ or whether to turn to the more regional concept of "think globally, act locally". In either case, steering climate policy in this century on to a successful path will require the skills and dedication not only of natural scientists and technology developers, but also of those in the foreign policy community.
This article provides a short account of the international climate negotiations that took place in Bonn from 16 to 27 July 2001. After the Sixth Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change failed in November 2000, the Parties had decided to suspend the meeting. The ministers present at the resumed session successfully adopted the "Bonn Agreement to the Kyoto Protocol", a set of political compromises for the most contentious issues left open by the Kyoto Protocol. Although many details had been transferred to the Seventh Conference of the Parties, November 2001 in Marrakesh, Morocco, the Bonn Agreement already paved the way for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and its entry into force. The Marrakesh Accord adopted on 10 November 2001 transforms, with a few exceptions, this political agreement into bindinglegal text.
Debatte Emissionshandel
(2002)
Global climate
(1997)
"Joint Implementation" (JI) is considered by many participants in the international negotiations on aclimate protocol to be an important economic instrument for the implementation of greenhouse gas obligations. Apart from a wide range of problems that still have to be resolved on the project level, the institutional and procedural design of such a mechanism is of vital importance. Because JI has a "perverse incentive" to overstate results achieved by individual projects, careful reporting, monitoring and verification procedures are essential. Furthermore, the institutional structure must reconcile the sometimes conflicting demands of overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This paper explores the possible design of a future international mechanism for JI and makes recommendations with regard to the institutional and procedural requirements.
Protocol Kyoto el Khas bi el Itafakiya El Ama Li El Umam El Motahida hawl El Tagayurat El Munakhyia
(1999)
Global climate
(1999)
Von Rio bis Den Haag
(2001)
Global climate
(2004)
Au royaume des aveugles ...
(2004)
Szenarien einer zukünftigen Klimapolitik und Elemente eines effektiven Klimaregimes nach 2012
(2008)