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Wie misst man ein Feuerwerk?
(2018)
Vorteil Stadtwerke
(2018)
Transformatives Forschen - Herausforderungen angewandter Nachhaltigkeitsforschung im Feld Ernährung
(2018)
As part of this dissertation, a categorisation of the social costs of electricity supply is suggested. The following three main cost categories are differentiated: plant-level costs, system costs and external costs. Different types of costs are allocated to these categories and are examined and quantified (to the extent possible) for several power generation technologies. The limits of monetizing certain types of costs are also discussed. In a further step, and based on a large number of empirical studies, individual factors that have had a significant influence on the development of plant-level costs in the past, are identified and categorized. Finally, based on an online survey conducted among energy modellers, the dissertation examines to what extent the identified relevant types of costs and cost-influencing factors are taken into account in different types of energy models.
Reliably reducing the emissions in the building sector plays a crucial role if the 1.5°C climate target from the Paris Agreement is to be met. The observed trends show a significant increase in building energy use, especially in emerging economies. Counteracting these trends is absolutely essential, especially in the light of urbanisation, population growth and changing lifestyles. In terms of mitigating the climate impact of buildings, ensuring high levels of efficiency (i.e. very low energy needs, especially for heating and cooling) has the greatest potential for saving energy and emissions, and is at the same time the prerequisite for effective use of energy from renewable sources. Clearly defined targets and suitable metrics are essential to enable appropriate design decisions. Implemented projects clearly indicate that quality assured design and construction lead to reliable in-use energy performance. Effective policy packages to address opportunities and challenges are important drivers to support the uptake of state-of-the-art efficiency measures in the urban building sector.
Social business innovations
(2018)
This research project approached the emergence of social business innovations from the periphery, working towards the core: the first article features the representation of the concept of Social Business City, which was newly implemented by Wiesbaden in 2010. Here, social businesses are to be founded with the help of a network based on both public and private institutions. At the time of conducting the research, three such Social Business Cities existed: Wiesbaden (Germany), Fukuoka (Japan) and Pistoia (Italy); in 2016 Barcelona joined the list of Social Business Cities. The second article analyses the ways in which microfinance organisations that are based on the concept of social business according to Yunus differ from one another. Included in this research was Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Social Business Women in Germany and Grameen America in the United States. Subsequently, a third article investigates the similarities and differences to be found between social businesses and charities. The research focuses on advantages and disadvantages on both sides and aims at answering the questions: which approach is appropriate under what circumstances and which aspects could be adopted by the other?
Finally, we investigated the various cooperation of the Grameen Group with global players such as Danone, Veolia and Intel in Bangladesh and the particular challenges which result therefrom.
Quo vadis voluntary markets? : new Paris Agreement architecture puts business model to the test
(2018)
The author demonstrates that digital technologies and new mobility concepts can lead to a reduction of the automobiles in urban areas by a factor of 10. The book features two vivid case studies of such digital mobility concepts: TwoGo by SAP and smexx. The author proposes six prototypes of business models for "Shared Automobility Services". Janasz offers also the "Transformative Literacy" for designing sustainable urban mobility systems of the future. The author elaborates on the socio-political patterns of urban mobility by presenting the case of the City of Basel (Switzerland). He proposes the framework of "Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility" to explain how to overcome car dependence in cities.
Considering the role of transport for a 1.5 Degree stabilization pathway and the importance of light-duty vehicle fuel efficiency within that, it is important to understand the key elements of a policy package to shape the energy efficiency of the vehicle fleet. This paper presents an analysis focusing on three types of policy measures: (1) CO2 emission standards for new vehicles, (2) vehicle taxation directly and indirectly based on CO2 emission levels, and (3) fuel taxation. The paper compares the policies in the G20 economies and estimates the financial impact of those policies using the example of a Ford Focus vehicle model. This analysis is a contribution to the assessment of the role of the transport sector in global decarbonisation efforts. The findings of this paper show that only an integrated approach of regulatory and fiscal policy measures can yield substantial efficiency gains in the vehicle fleet and can curb vehicle kilometres travelled by individual motorised transport. Using the illustrative example of one vehicle model, the case study analysis shows that isolated measures, e.g. fuel efficiency regulation without corresponding fuel and vehicle taxes only have minor CO2 emission reduction effects and that policy measures need to be combined in order to achieve substantial emission reduction gains over time. The analysis shows that the highest level of impact is achieved by a combination regulatory and fiscal policies rather than only one policy even if this policy is more aggressive. When estimating the quantitative effect of fuel efficiency standards, vehicle and fuel tax, the analysis shows that substantial gains with regard to CO2 emission are only achieved at a financial impact level above 500 Euros over a four year period.
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung im Ernährungssektor : eine wichtige Zutat für ressourcenleichten Konsum
(2018)
Immer mehr Menschen essen regelmäßig außer Haus, eine rasch verfügbare und flexible Ernährung gehört zu unserem modernen Lebensstil mittlerweile einfach dazu. Den Kundinnen und Kunden ist jedoch nicht nur diese Flexibilität wichtig, sondern zunehmend auch eine hohe ökologische und gesundheitliche Qualität der Angebote. Sie wünschen sich attraktive, genussreiche und zugleich nachhaltige Speisen. Und sie wollen darauf vertrauen können, dass ihr Essen entsprechend klar definierter ökologischer und sozialer Anforderungen hergestellt wurde.
Der Schlüssel dazu sind Innovationen im Speisenangebot, bei der Beschaffung, Zubereitung, Kennzeichnung - und bei den Darbietungsformen. Die über 50 Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Buches arbeiten alle in Wissenschaft und Praxis für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung des Ernährungssystems. Hier stellen sie die im Forschungsprojekt NAHGAST und weiteren Projekten erarbeiteten Ansätze für eine nachhaltige Transformation des Außer-Haus-Marktes zur Diskussion.
Das Buch "Nachhaltig außer Haus essen" ist im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projektes entstanden und wurde vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert.
Multiplying mighty Davids? : The influence of energy cooperatives on Germany’s energy transition
(2018)
This book systematically describes and evaluates the impact of energy cooperatives as a key driving force in the German energy transition toward a sustainability-oriented energy sector. Based on a comprehensive survey and three case studies, it provides an instructive overview of the overall dimensions and scope of energy cooperatives in Germany, and of their history, structure and current investment projects. The book not only contributes to the energy policy discourse in Germany, but also highlights the role of energy cooperatives to enable an international readership to explore their potential in other countries. Further, it makes a theoretical contribution toward substantially supplementing actor research in general, and enterprise research in particular, in the field of sustainability transitions science.
Mobilität für morgen
(2018)
This paper reports on a nationwide field survey of managing energy efficiency of buildings under energy performance contracting (EPC) in Chinese building sector. The survey aims at getting insight of Chinese experiences of EPC and survey yielded information on profile, specificity and risk specifications of EPC in Chinese building sector. The key findings are that the existing EPC projects are mainly driven by policies and majority of first parties in EPC are owners of public buildings. The contract specificity is worryingly low, with underspecification prominent in the contract sections of renewal and change of the planned solutions, dispute resolution and compensation for personal and property damage. Insufficient risk specification was a major cause of contract failure and disputing. High risks are observed in not enough feasibility study, delay in completion, operational risks, delay in payment and uninsured loss. Most post EPC projects would be worryingly unsuccessful, given to the facts that many of them have not established their energy team, have no further investment and have no effective maintenance. The Chinese existing emission trading scheme (ETS) offers a vital opportunity for upscaling EPC in building sector and policy framing is needed for linking EPC projects and ETS.
Living-Lab-as-a-Service : exploring the market and sustainability offers of living labs in Germany
(2018)
Previous studies showed that using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a raw material for chemical syntheses may provide an opportunity for achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) savings and a low-carbon economy. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether carbon capture and utilization benefits the environment in terms of resource efficiency. We analyzed the production of methane, methanol, and synthesis gas as basic chemicals and derived polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene as polymers by calculating the output-oriented indicator global warming impact (GWI) and the resource-based indicators raw material input (RMI) and total material requirement (TMR) on a cradle-to-gate basis. As carbon source, we analyzed the capturing of CO2 from air, raw biogas, cement plants, lignite-fired power, and municipal waste incineration plants. Wind power serves as an energy source for hydrogen production. Our data were derived from both industrial processes and process simulations. The results demonstrate that the analyzed CO2-based process chains reduce the amount of GHG emissions in comparison to the conventional ones. At the same time, the CO2-based process chains require an increased amount of (abiotic) resources. This trade-off between decreased GHG emissions and increased resource use is assessed. The decision about whether or not to recycle CO2 into hydrocarbons depends largely on the source and amount of energy used to produce hydrogen.
Energy system optimization models (ESOMs) such as MARKAL/TIMES are used to support energy policy analysis worldwide. ESOMs cover the full life-cycle of fuels from extraction to end-use, including the associated direct emissions. Nevertheless, the life-cycle emissions of energy equipment and infrastructure are not modelled explicitly. This prevents analysis of questions relating to the relative importance of emissions associated with the build-up of infrastructure and other equipment required for decarbonization.
Obwohl viele der aktuellen Herausforderungen im Bereich der Energieversorgung eine internationale Dimension haben bzw. nur international gelöst werden können, ist die internationale Energiepolitik bis heute ein weitgehend ungesteuerter Politikbereich. Im letzten Jahrzehnt entwickelten sich zwar neue globale Kooperationsstrukturen und Initiativen, der Weg zu einer multilateralen, globalen Governance-Struktur, die zentrale Impulse für die gemeinsame Etablierung international geltender Normen und Regeln geben könnte, ist aber noch weit. Der Artikel führt in die aktuellen Entwicklungen ein und diskutiert die verbleibenden Herausforderungen.
Anna Bliesner-Steckmann stellt sich der Frage, wie Bildung respektive Didaktik beschaffen sein muss, damit ein moralisch-nachhaltiges Handeln nicht in eine normative Pädagogik mündet. Die Autorin stellt dazu den selbstaufgeklärten, mündigen Lernenden in den Fokus ihrer Arbeit und weist nach, dass es neben einer lerntheoretischen auch einer handlungstheoretischen Grundlegung auf psychologischer Basis bedarf. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ihrer interdisziplinären Studie ist das entwickelte Prozessmodell zu moralisch-nachhaltigem Urteilen und Handeln, aus welchem sich konkrete Hinweise für die Gestaltung pädagogischer Interventionen ableiten lassen.
Alexandra Palzkill zeigt in diesem Buch, dass sich moderne Industriegesellschaften in einem massiven Umbruch befinden - ökonomisch, sozial und ökologisch. Expansions- und Fortschrittsversprechen, die die Entwicklung dieser Gesellschaften über viele Jahrzehnte geprägt haben, geraten an ihre Grenzen. Was bedeutet dieser Umbruch für Unternehmen? Was bedeutet er insbesondere für solche Unternehmen, die eine Motor- und Symbolfunktion für das bisherige Fortschrittsmodell innehaben? Welche konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen können Unternehmen in solchen Umbruchsituationen Orientierung für ihr strategisches Managementhandeln geben? Diesen Fragen widmet sich das vorliegende Buch.
Flexibilitätspotenziale und -perspektiven in einer Rohstoffschmelzanlage für Feuerfestmaterialien
(2018)
Externalisierung 4.0? : Von der wirkmächtigen Erzählung Industrie 4.0 und ihren Schattenseiten
(2018)
The growing demand for timber, in particular for renewable energy, increases pressures on global forests and requires a robust monitoring system to ensure sustainability. This article takes a first step toward more systemic monitoring by asking how the global use of forests by EU consumers can be accounted for. Specifically, this article builds on and develops the method of global land use accounting to account for the EU-27's consumption of primary timber between 2002 and 2011 in terms of both volume and forest area. It assesses international trade flows for around 100 commodities and converts them into a volume of primary raw timber based on conversion values. Results reveal that both imports and exports increased over the assessed time period, with primary EU-27 timber estimated to be around 1 m3/cap in 2011. Gaps, uncertainty and a lack of harmonization regarding especially trade data and conversion values are key challenges to further improving the robustness of the method and reliability of results. Future research may focus on improving the method to address in particular recycled and recovered flows as well as the question of whether area or volume is the most appropriate metric for further development of a forest footprint indicator.
Erfolgreiche Transformation
(2018)
Energy and climate change
(2018)
Digitaler Kreislauf
(2018)
Trump, Populismus, Luxus- und Konsumwahn, Ressourcenverschwendung - die ökologische Transformation befindet sich in der Krise. Kann der Umbau zu einer sozial und ökologisch gerechten Welt noch gelingen? Ja, sagen Uwe Schneidewind und das Team vom Wuppertal Institut. Was es dafür braucht, ist "Zukunftskunst". Damit ist die Fähigkeit gemeint, kulturellen Wandel, kluge Politik, neues Wirtschaften und innovative Technologien miteinander zu verbinden. So werden Energie- und Mobilitätswende, die Ernährungswende oder der nachhaltige Wandel in unseren Städten möglich. Das Buch ermuntert Politik, Zivilgesellschaft, Unternehmen und jeden einzelnen von uns zu Zukunftskünstlern zu werden.
Die Homepage zum Buch befindet sich unter zukunftskunst.de.
Die ersten Stufen der Abfallhierarchie : Abfallvermeidung und Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung
(2018)
Design for sustainability
(2018)
Comprehensive framework on asset management of transportation networks and resilience planning
(2018)
Behälterglasherstellung
(2018)
This thesis justifies and develops a sustainable level of Lifestyle Material Footprint (LMF) as a benchmark for designing sustainable lifestyles. It shows the application of the benchmark in a Household-level Sustainability Transition method and presents a framework for inspiring design solutions towards a Design for One Planet (Df1P).
The thesis shows how the Material Input per unit of Service (MIPS) concept has developed from product orientation to the application to household consumption and from technically-focused measurement into an integral part of methods for designing one-planet lifestyles and supporting solutions. This provides both an advanced application of the concept and its opening to new purposes and users.
The core of the thesis is the suggestion of a sustainable material footprint benchmark of 8 tonnes per person per year as a resource cap target for household consumption in Finland, an 80% (factor 5) reduction from present average. The 8 tonnes benchmark opens the possibility for a target-oriented, planned reduction of LMFs by target-setting, experimenting and up-scaling of sustainable solutions. The method enabled the participating households to perform footprint reductions of 26–54% during the one-month experiment phase. Notable footprint reductions are thus possible even in the short term, which is an important message to other households and other actors in society. Calculating households' LMFs makes visible the structures underlying household consumption and the need for change not only in household consumption but also in the supply of products, services and infrastructure, and thus systemic changes initiated by others than households.
The orientation framework of Df1P suggests measures that could be promoted by means of design, and structures them in a matrix incorporating priority action areas in the fields of housing, nutrition and mobility, and the domains of product design, service design, infrastructure planning and communication design. Mainstreaming sustainable lifestyles will potentially require a new design culture, but at least significant efforts in product design, service design and infrastructure planning as well as in making sustainable solutions attractive to consumers and disrupting existing routines. The more technology and infrastructure can be integrated into this change, the more space will be left for individual diversity in achieving sustainable household consumption. The orientation framework could provide a first step towards Df1P practice by inspiring designers to integrate the recognition of the planetary boundaries into their work.