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Year of Publication
Document Type
- Report (530) (remove)
Language
- English (530) (remove)
Zondag, Marie-Jose ; Del Bufalo, Nicoletta ; Van Benthem, Menno ; Maleki-Dizaji, Pouyan ; Heidecke, Laura ; Brugger, Heike ; Mandel, Tim ; Yu, Songmin ; Thomas, Stefan
Implementation of nationally determined contributions : Islamic Republic of Iran country report
(2018)
The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of demand-side efficiency through energy-price reform, upstream oil and gas efficiency (with an emphasis on gas flaring) and a sustainable energy mix (with an emphasis on renewable energies).
The cost of power is usually calculated by focusing only on the power plant - equipment, operating cost, maintenance and fuel. However, the true cost of generating power goes beyond that, and includes costs that society has to pay for, such as air and water pollution, displacement of communities and the effects of climate change caused by carbon emissions from the power plants. This report by energy researcher Maria Yetano Roche uses well established international methods to identify the true Nigerian cost of each energy source.
While digital technologies hold significant transformational potential, anecdotal evidence suggests that the digital transformation might not be directed towards sustainable development sufficiently. Drawing on a modified and extended version of the framework proposed by Wanzenböck et al. (2020), we explore the cases of the circular economy and the transition towards a sustainable energy system in the twin transition. Making use of insights from 20 expert interviews and two in-depth interviews, we aim to gain a first careful indication of the convergence/divergence in societal views on key problems and solutions across different dimensions (technological, economic, socio-cultural, regulatory) and derive insights for integrated policy-making. Thereby the study contributes to bridging the existing gap between mission-oriented policies and the twin transition. Overall, our first insights indicate that while showing high similarities in the structure of problems and solutions across cases, the variety in wickedness (contestation, complexity, uncertainty) calls for differentiated policy-making: Significant parts of the relatively young twin transition might be in a state of disorientation where societal views on problems and solutions diverge. This would require policy-makers to follow a "discovery-mode" (basic research, experiments and monitoring) with only selected diffusion-focused strategies. Further, we show that missions in the twin transition require highly flexible policy-making as different approaches need to be applied simultaneously. Finally, there are several options for exploiting synergies in policy-making due to some overlapping characteristics as well as learning opportunities between cases. We believe that particularly our holistic perspective on the twin transition can yield substantial guidance for researchers and policy-makers in the field.
Wu, Alexandra ; Stenmarck, Asa ; Miliute-Plepiene, Jurate ; Johansson, Henrik ; Carolis, Roberta de ; Brunori, Claudia ; Reale, Priscilla ; Chiavetta, Cristian ; Mancuso, Erika ; Smits, Antoinet ; Reimer, Wolfgang ; Lee, Mengchun ; Reuter, Markus ; Witomski, Arnaud ; Sylvestre, Sébastien ; Renault, Jean-Francois ; Nelen, Dirk ; Le Blevennec, Kévin ; Vrancken, Karl ; Sundqvist-Andberg, Henna ; Ratman-Klosinska, Izabela ; Bahn-Walkowiak, Bettina ; Koop, Carina ; Dufour, Natacha ; Tatar, Adina ; Schiellein, Chloe ; Nolan, Laura ; Howie, Cliona ; Chauvet, Vincent ; Szendro, Gabor
CICERONE aims to bring national, regional and local governments together to jointly tackle the circular economy transition needed to reach net-zero carbon emissions and meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement and EU Green Deal. This document represents one of the key outcomes of the project: a Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Europe, to support owners and funders of circular economy programmes in aligning priorities and approaching the circular economy transition in a systemic way.
Witecka, Wido K. ; Sartor, Oliver ; Hauser, Philipp D. ; Oliveira, Camilla ; Joas, Fabian ; Lenck, Thorsten ; Peter, Frank ; Seiler, Fiona ; Schneider, Clemens ; Holtz, Georg ; Samadi, Sascha ; Kobiela, Georg ; Lechtenböhmer, Stefan ; Dinges, Katja ; Steinbacher, Karoline ; Schröder, Jonas ; Sach, Thobias ; Schimmel, Matthias ; Kliem, Christine ; Altrock, Martin ; Lehnert, Wieland ; Finke, Jasper ; Yilmaz, Yasin
The basic materials industries are a cornerstone of Europe's economic prosperity, increasing gross value added and providing around 2 million high-quality jobs. But they are also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Despite efficiency improvements, emissions from these industries were mostly constant for several years prior to the Covid-19 crisis and today account for 20 per cent of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions.
A central question is therefore: How can the basic material industries in the EU become climate-neutral by 2050 while maintaining a strong position in a highly competitive global market? And how can these industries help the EU reach the higher 2030 climate target - a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of at least 55 per cent relative to 1990 levels?
In the EU policy debate on the European Green Deal, many suppose that the basic materials industries can do little to achieve deep cuts in emissions by 2030. Beyond improvements to the efficiency of existing technologies, they assume that no further innovations will be feasible within that period. This study takes a different view. It shows that a more ambitious approach involving the early implementation of key low-carbon technologies and a Clean Industry Package is not just possible, but in fact necessary to safeguard global competitiveness.
This report provides an overview of the main findings from the different research tasks in the CIRCTER project and delivers selected policy messages with European coverage. The report provides: (Sec. 2) a territorial definition of the circular economy; (Sec. 3) insights into the available statistics on material and waste patterns and flows and their interpretation, alongside new territorial evidence on both aspects; (Sec. 4) a sectoral characterisation of the circular economy at regional level (NUTS-2), including data on turnover and jobs; (Sec. 5) key findings from the CIRCTER case studies; (Sec. 6) a systemic interpretation of the circular economy that works as a knowledge-integration mechanism for the entire report; (Sec. 7 and 8) an analysis of the most relevant circular economy policies and strategies at various territorial levels; (Sec. 8) a subset of policy recommendations focusing in particular on territorial and cohesion policies, and; (Sec. 9) suggestions for further research.
Wilts, Henning ; Schäfer, Lukas ; Saurat, Mathieu ; Acosta Fernandez, José ; Bahn-Walkowiak, Bettina ; Hillerns, Lena ; Galinski, Laura
The current utilisation of natural resources in Germany and Europe is not sustainable, as inter alia stated by the German government as well as by the European Commission. At the same time, increased resource efficiency could lead to various environmental but also economic benefits. This brief study commissioned by Changing Markets presents developments in the field of resource efficiency policies, analyses the status quo of resource consumption with a special focus on fast moving consumer goods and describes potential effects of resource conservations.
The study sheds light on the background of the prevention of plastic waste from packaging and disposable products by explaining the need for action, the environmental impacts and risks to human health. Experiences of the members of the PREVENT Waste Alliance and their partners in the prevention of plastic waste by multi-actor partnerships are presented by means of 17 best practice examples. Finally, the study gives recommendations for the reduction of plastic waste and the further work of the PREVENT Waste Alliance. These include success factors for waste prevention, necessary next steps and conclusions regarding the necessary political framework conditions.
Because prevention is closely linked to complex consumption patterns, even cultural changes, such as increasing environmental awareness, changes in the average size of households or changes in the industrial structure of an economy, are relevant factors for the interpretation of changes in the generation of waste - it is more or less impossible to isolate the effect of specific waste prevention measures in this complex system. This must be considered, in particular, in international comparisons of policies and their potential transferability. The guidelines of the European Commission on waste prevention also point to the particular problem of data availability in the area of prevention: as waste statistics focus mainly on the treatment and fate of wastes, they are often of limited value for prevention of waste because they don't give sufficient information about their origins or reasons for their generation.
Against this background, this report has the following objectives:
Chapter 2 discusses strengths and weaknesses of typical waste-based prevention indicators; Chapter 3 analyses possible indicators that consider an upstream perspective and take into account the ecological rucksacks of products and components that have become waste; Chapter 4 focuses on specific product groups that could be targeted by waste prevention indicators.
In general, the report describes the complexity of measuring waste prevention and outlines pros and cons of possible approaches. The final chapter aims to draw rather pragmatic conclusions on possibly most preferable options for future policy-making.
Wilts, Henning ; Gries, Nadja von ; Bahn-Walkowiak, Bettina ; O'Brien, Meghan ; Busemann, Jonathan ; Domenech, Teresa ; Bleischwitz, Raimund ; Dijk, Mark
Wilts, Henning ; Azak, Gunda ; Feder, Lina ; Galinski, Laura ; Nicolas, Jana ; Schinkel, Jennifer ; Steger, Sören ; Jepsen, Dirk ; Rödig, Lisa ; Knappe, Florian ; Müller, Romana ; Wagner, Jörg ; Gsell, Martin ; Beilke, Nathalie
The waste prevention program (WPP) from 2013 must be evaluated every 6 years and updated if necessary. The review and evaluation of the implementation of the WPP took place within the scope of the project. Based on the analysis results for the implementation of the WPP at federal, state and municipal level and an assessment of existing prevention potentials, concrete proposals for a possible further development and updating of the program on prioritized waste streams and corresponding priority prevention approaches were developed. In addition, structural adjustment and change needs of the WPP were worked out and further research was shown.
Measures to reduce exhaust emissions from civil air traffic : R+D-project 105 06 085 ; final report
(2000)
Weyrauther, Gerd ; Brosthaus, Josef ; Schneider, Joachim ; Sonnborn, Klaus-Siegfried ; Hopf, Rainer ; Kuhfeld, Hartmut ; Schmied, Martin ; Köhn, Ady ; Limprecht, Barbara ; Pastowski, Andreas ; Petersen, Rudolf ; Schallaböck, Karl Otto ; Winter, Gerd
European coal mining regions face massive transformational challenges. The necessity of climate protection only intensifies a trend, prevalent in all of Europe: coal mining has been losing its economic importance over the last decades. Fewer and fewer people are employed in the sector. Coal regions face the challenge of how to facilitate a just transition, and which perspectives to develop for a future beyond coal.
Against this background this study analyses the current situation in four key European coal mining regions, namely: Aragon in Spain, Lusatia in Germany, Silesia in Poland and Western Macedonia in Greece. The study provides a brief summary of the regions' socio-economic structure, including the respective role of coal mining. An assessment of how existing European structural instruments, specifically the European Structural and Investment Funds (the ESI Funds) are utilised in the region, forms the core of the study.