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Green hydrogen and synthetic fuels are increasingly recognized as a key strategic element for the progress of the global energy transition. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with its large wind and solar potential, is well positioned to generate renewable energy at low cost for the production of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels, and is therefore considered as a potential future producer and exporter. Yet, while solar and wind energy potentials are essential, other factors are expected to play an equally important role for the development of green hydrogen and synthetic fuels (export) sectors. This includes, in particular, adequate industrial capacities and infrastructures. These preconditions vary from country to country, and while they have been often mentioned in the discussion on green hydrogen exports, they have only been examined to a limited extent. This paper employs a case study approach to assess the existing infrastructural and industrial conditions in Jordan, Morocco, and Oman for the development of a green hydrogen and downstream synthetic fuel (export) sector.
Direct air capture (DAC) combined with subsequent storage (DACCS) is discussed as one promising carbon dioxide removal option. The aim of this paper is to analyse and comparatively classify the resource consumption (land use, renewable energy and water) and costs of possible DAC implementation pathways for Germany. The paths are based on a selected, existing climate neutrality scenario that requires the removal of 20 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year by DACCS from 2045. The analysis focuses on the so-called "low-temperature" DAC process, which might be more advantageous for Germany than the "high-temperature" one. In four case studies, we examine potential sites in northern, central and southern Germany, thereby using the most suitable renewable energies for electricity and heat generation. We show that the deployment of DAC results in large-scale land use and high energy needs. The land use in the range of 167-353 km2 results mainly from the area required for renewable energy generation. The total electrical energy demand of 14.4 TWh per year, of which 46% is needed to operate heat pumps to supply the heat demand of the DAC process, corresponds to around 1.4% of Germany's envisaged electricity demand in 2045. 20 Mt of water are provided yearly, corresponding to 40% of the city of Cologne's water demand (1.1 million inhabitants). The capture of CO2 (DAC) incurs levelised costs of 125-138 EUR per tonne of CO2, whereby the provision of the required energy via photovoltaics in southern Germany represents the lowest value of the four case studies. This does not include the costs associated with balancing its volatility. Taking into account transporting the CO2 via pipeline to the port of Wilhelmshaven, followed by transporting and sequestering the CO2 in geological storage sites in the Norwegian North Sea (DACCS), the levelised costs increase to 161-176 EUR/tCO2. Due to the longer transport distances from southern and central Germany, a northern German site using wind turbines would be the most favourable.
This paper examines the current and prospective greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of e-fuels produced via electrolysis and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the years 2021, 2030, and 2050 for use in Germany. The GHG emissions are determined by a scenario approach as a combination of a literature-based top-down and bottom-up approach. Considered process steps are the provision of feedstocks, electrolysis (via solid oxide co-electrolysis; SOEC), synthesis (via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; FTS), e-crude refining, eventual transport to, and use in Germany. The results indicate that the current GHG emissions for e-fuel production in the exemplary export countries Saudi Arabia and Chile are above those of conventional fuels. Scenarios for the production in Germany lead to current GHG emissions of 2.78-3.47 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2021 as the reference year and 0.064-0.082 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2050. With a share of 58-96%, according to the respective scenario, the electrolysis is the main determinant of the GHG emissions in the production process. The use of additional renewable energy during the production process in combination with direct air capture (DAC) are the main leverages to reduce GHG emissions.
The establishment of the Leveraging a Climate-neutral Society–strategic Research Network (LCS–RNet) (then named the International Research Network for Low Carbon Societies) was proposed at the Group of Eight (G8) Environment Ministers’ Meeting in 2008. Its 12th annual meeting in December 2021 focused on the discussion on how to transition into a just and sustainable society and how to reduce the risks associated with the transition. This requires comprehensive studies including on the concept of transition, pathways to net-zero societies and how to realise the pathways by collaborating with various stakeholders. This Special Feature provides new insights into sustainability science by linking the scientific knowledge with practical science for the transition through the exploration of studies presented at the annual meeting. Following the opening paper, "A challenge for sustainability science: can we halt climate change?", a wide range of topics were discussed, including practices for sustainable transformation in the Erasmus University, practices in industry, energy transition and international cooperation.
Demand-side mitigation strategies have been gaining momentum in climate change mitigation research. Still, the impact of different approaches in passenger transport, one of the largest energy demand sectors, remains unclear. We couple a transport simulation model to an energy system optimisation model, both highly disintegrated in order to compare those impacts. Our scenarios are created for the case of Germany in an interdisciplinary, qualitative-quantitative research design, going beyond techno-economic assumptions, and cover Avoid, Shift, and Improve strategies, as well as their combination. The results show that sufficiency - Avoid and Shift strategies - have the same impact as the improvement of propulsion technologies (i.e. efficiency), which is reduction of generation capacities by one quarter. This lowers energy system transformation cost accordingly, but requires different kinds of investments: Sufficiency measures require public investment for high-quality public services, while efficiency measures require individuals to purchase more expensive vehicles at their own cost. These results raise socio-political questions of system design and well-being. However, all strategies are required to unleash the full potential of climate change mitigation.
Deutschlands Haushalte werden, zu Beheizungszwecken, zu 70 % leitungsgebunden versorgt: 50 % mit Erdgas und 14 % mit Fernwärme; 5 % mit Elektrizität, davon je die Hälfte noch mit Nachtspeicherheizung, die andere Hälfte mit Wärmepumpen. So war es 2021. So wird es in Zukunft nicht sein, denn Erdgas ist ein Energieträger fossiler Herkunft. Dessen Nutzung geht in den nächsten beiden Jahrzehnten gen Null. Die Frage ist, was das für die Erdgasleitungen in Deutschland bedeutet.
The petrochemical industry is among the most relevant sectors from an economic, energetic and climate policy perspective. In Western Europe, production occurs in local chemical parks that form strongly connected and densely integrated regional clusters. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the petrochemical system in Germany and investigates three particularly distinct clusters regarding their challenges and chances for a transition towards climate-neutrality. For this, feedstock and energy supply, product portfolios and process integration as well as existing transformation activities are examined. We find that depending on their distinct network characteristics and location, unique and complex strategies are to be mastered for every cluster. Despite the many activities underway, none of them seems to have a strategic network to co-create a tailored defossilization strategy for the cluster - which is the core recommendation of this paper to develop.
Ways of evaluating the societal impact of real-world labs as a transdisciplinary and transformative research format are under discussion. We present an evaluation approach rooted in structuration theory, with a focus on structure-agency dynamics at the science-society interface. We applied the theory with its four modalities (interpretation schemes, norms, allocative and authoritative resources) to the case of the Mirke neighbourhood in Wuppertal, Germany. Six projects promoted the capacity for co-productive city-making. The effects of the projects were jointly analysed in a co-evaluation process. Previously proposed subcategories of the modalities as an empirical operationalisation were tested and confirmed as being applicable. Five new subcategories were generated. The use of the modalities seems appropriate for co-evaluation processes. The tool is practical, focused on real-world effects, and suitable for transdisciplinary interpretation processes. We encourage further empirical testing of the tool, as well as development of the subcategories.
Gaining deep leverage? : Reflecting and shaping real-world lab impacts through leverage points
(2024)
Real-world laboratories (RwLs) are gaining further traction as a means to achieve systemic impacts towards sustainability transformation. To guide the analysis of intended impacts, we introduce the concept of leverage points, discerning where, how, and to what end RwLs intervene in systems. Building on conceptual reasoning, we further develop our argument by exploring two RwL cases. Examining RwLs through the lens of the leverage points opens the way for a balanced and comprehensive approach to systemic experimentation. We invite RwL researchers and practitioners to further advance RwLs' transformative capacity by targeting the design and emerging direction of a system, contributing to a culture of sustainability.
Populäre Irrtümer beim Klimaschutz : was bringen Ökostrom, Kompensation und Baumpflanzaktionen?
(2024)
Die Schul-CO2-Bilanz
(2024)
This paper presents a novel governance concept for sustainable development, introducing the "Safe System Approach" as a transformative model that shifts focus from individual behavioural change to systemic transformation. This approach challenges traditional governance models that emphasize individual responsibility in achieving sustainable development and decarbonization. Instead, it advocates for creating an enabling environment that inherently guides individuals and communities towards sustainable actions. The Safe System Approach is centred on delivering low-carbon services across essential sectors, including electricity, mobility, industry, buildings, human settlements, and agriculture, thereby embedding sustainability as a default choice in societal systems. Drawing parallels with successful models in road safety, the paper explores the potential of this approach in urban development and climate action. It emphasizes the need for a broad coalition and integrated approaches in managing shared resources, highlighting the significance of systemic adjustments over individual behavioral change. By proposing a structure where sustainability is facilitated by the system's design, the paper builds on key concepts from seminal works by scholars like Garrett Hardin, Mancur Olson, Elinor Ostrom, and Ahrend Lijphart. It discusses the challenges and opportunities in creating safe operating spaces for sustainable development, emphasizing the need for multi-actor, multilevel governance systems that can manage shared resources sustainably and are resilient to political volatility. The paper aims to offer a robust, efficient, and inclusive pathway to sustainable development, contributing to the global discourse on environmental and social resilience.
Städte und damit auch ihre Straßen wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark nach dem Leitbild einer autogerechten Stadt geplant. Heute besteht ein weitgehender Konsens darüber, dass sich Städte bzw. Straßen wandeln müssen, um sich an die Folgen des Klimawandels anzupassen, und dass die Verkehrswende nur mit angepassten städtischen Verkehrsinfrastrukturen, die aktive Mobilitätsformen fördern, gelingen kann. Dennoch kommt es bei konkreten Projekten vor Ort häufig zu gesellschaftlichen und politischen Widerständen. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschreibt dieser Beitrag einen dreistufigen kollaborativen Beteiligungs- und Planungsprozess mit der Zivilgesellschaft, der Stadtverwaltung und der Kommunalpolitik für den Umbau einer Quartiersstraße in Dortmund. Ziel des Prozesses war es, die Zieldimensionen Verkehrswende, Aufenthaltsqualität und Klimaresilienz (blau-grüne Infrastrukturen) integriert zu betrachten, um eine gleichermaßen ambitionierte wie gesellschaftlich tragfähige Planung zu entwickeln. Der Beitrag beschreibt die empirischen Arbeiten und Befunde, stellt dar, wie die Rückmeldungen aus dem Beteiligungs- und Planungsprozess in die Planungsentwürfe integriert wurden, und reflektiert den Einsatz von Visualisierungen und Straßenexperimenten als Instrumente für eine kollaborative Planung.
Dieses Buch bietet einen Leitfaden für mehr Klimaschutz an Schulen und holt Schulleitungen, Lehrkräfte und Schüler:innen gemeinschaftlich ins Boot - denn Klimaschutz ist eine Gemeinschaftsaufgabe. Mit dem "Whole School Approach" wird die ganzheitliche Umsetzung von Klimaschutzaktivitäten in der Schulentwicklung angestoßen und auf schulischer Ebene ermöglicht und erleichtert.
Ziel ist es, Lehrer:innen in ihrer Gestaltungskompetenz für mehr Klimaschutz zu stärken - dies geschieht durch konkrete Vorschläge für die Arbeit mit Schüler:innen im Unterricht. Partizipative Methoden der Beteiligung sollen die Schüler:innen empowern und den Lehrkräften Ideen geben, um die eigene Selbstwirksamkeit, aber auch die der Schüler:innen zu steigern.
Die zentrale Kernbotschaft lautet: ein Klimaschutzprojekt an der Schule ist wesentlich für die strukturelle Verankerung von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung im Schulalltag. Der Leitfaden gibt Anregungen für die Unterrichtsgestaltung, Anregungen für die Entwicklung eines Klimaschutzleitbildes, Hinweise für das Gebäudemanagement und Ideen zur Einbindung des schulischen Umfelds.
In light of Egypt's transition to a green economy, this report focuses on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and increasing resource efficiency along three different value chains in which small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role. In order to support SMEs in Egypt to take advantage of implementing greening options along value chains, more detailed analyses are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse three selected supply chains to identify greening opportunities for SMEs. Against this background, the project report is structured as follows: Chapter 2 introduces the background with an overview over the concept of green economy followed by Egypt's economy and its green economy. This is followed by a presentation of the value chains and an overview of the respective sectors. Chapter 3 describes the research approach, methods and data collection. The following chapters examine the three selected value chains cotton, sugar beet and refrigerators, including environmental hot spots, greening options as well as the experts' evaluation of those greening options. The report concludes with key recommendations in Chapter 7.
Für Deutschland und viele Industrieländer weltweit wird der Import von grünem Wasserstoff ein zentraler Baustein auf dem Weg zur Klimaneutralität sein. Dabei muss einerseits gewährleistet sein, dass grüner Wasserstoff auch wirklich "grün" im Sinne von klimaneutral ist. Zugleich gibt es immer mehr Forderungen, dass auch andere Nachhaltigkeitskriterien - soziale, ökonomische und ökologische - bei der Produktion und dem Transport von Wasserstoff eingehalten werden. Der politisch getriebene Aufbau einer globalen Wasserstoffwirtschaft bietet von Anfang an die Möglichkeit, diesen Sektor in Einklang mit den bestehenden politischen Zielen zu bringen. Dazu zählen beispielsweise die Pariser Klimaziele oder die Agenda 2030. Die Industrienation Deutschland, die auch in Zukunft auf Energieimporte angewiesen sein wird, kann hier als führende Industrienation als Vorreiter Einfluss nehmen. Damit kann nicht nur sichergestellt werden, dass der nach Deutschland importierte Wasserstoff "grün und nachhaltig" ist, sondern auch die Nachhaltigkeit des globalen Wasserstoffmarktes insgesamt beeinflusst werden.
Diese Kurzstudie untersucht, welche bereits existierenden Politikinstrumente geeignet sind, Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für Wasserstoffimporte zu verankern und im Zusammenspiel den Weg zu einem nachhaltigen globalen Wasserstoffmarkt zu unterstützen. Dabei werden ausschließlich Nachhaltigkeitsziele und -kriterien jenseits der Klimawirkung von Wasserstoff analysiert. Es ist unbestritten, dass das zentrale Ziel der Wasserstoffwirtschaft die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen bis hin zur Klimaneutralität ist, was bereits in einer Vielzahl von Studien und Stellungnahmen diskutiert wurde. Daher wird in dieser Studie von der Klimaneutralität des grünen Wasserstoffs ausgegangen, um den Fokus auf die anderen wesentlichen Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte zu lenken, die für den Import von grünem und nachhaltigen Wasserstoff aus dem Globalen Süden von entscheidender Bedeutung sind.
Angesichts von Extremwetterereignissen, Klimaprognosen und Bewegungen wie Fridays for Future lässt sich schwer leugnen, dass ein Teil der Menschheit auf eine Weise lebt, die eine gut bewohnbare Welt höchst unwahrscheinlich macht. Städten wird in dieser Situation eine zentrale Rolle zugeschrieben. Sie können die Welt vor der Erderwärmung retten - oder sie sind die Ersten, die untergehen. Doch was genau wird getan, um Städte in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit zu transformieren? Britta Acksel nimmt Aktionspläne, Klimafestivals, Awards und weitere Transformationsinstrumente in den Blick. Ethnographisch fundiert zeigt sie auf, wie sich die Arbeit mit dieser speziellen Form von Policy-Werkzeugen gestaltet - und welche Bemühungen besonders aussichtsreich erscheinen.
Real-world labs are witnessing continued growth and institutionalization in the field of transformation-oriented sustainability research, as well as in adjacent disciplines. With their experimental research agendas, these labs aim at sustainability transformations, however, there is still a need to improve the understanding of their impacts. Drawing from this Special Issue's contributions, we offer a broad overview of the impacts achieved by various real-world labs, highlight the diverse areas and forms of impact, and elucidate strategies as well as mechanisms for achieving impact. We present methodological advances, and address common challenges along with potential solutions for understanding and realizing impact.
Die Herstellung petrochemischer Grundstoffe ist sowohl energetisch als auch stofflich in Deutschland für rund 20 % der Nachfrage nach Mineralölprodukten verantwortlich. Das Gros fließt in die Produktion von Olefinen und Aromaten, welche als sogenannte Plattformchemikalien wiederum die Ausgangsbasis für die Herstellung von Polymeren und Kunststoffen darstellen. Letztgenannte sind von größter Relevanz für die Branche: Von den knapp 60 Milliarden Euro Umsatz, welche die deutsche petrochemische Industrie im Jahr 2021 generierte, entfiel gut die Hälfte auf das Marktsegment der Polymere. Daraus resultieren jedoch über die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette CO2-Emissionen von rund 50 Millionen Tonnen jährlich.
Eine Transformation der heutigen auf fossilen Rohstoffen basierenden petrochemischen Industrie hin zu einem auf erneuerbaren Rohstoffen basierenden zirkulären System kann somit einen bedeutenden Beitrag zu einer primärenergetisch effizienten und klimaneutralen Wirtschaftsweise leisten. Das vom Wuppertal Institut geleitete Forschungsprojekt GreenFeed exploriert gemeinsam mit den Verbundpartnern Karlsruher Institut für Technologie und Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum mögliche Pfade hin zu einem solchen System.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im vorliegenden Papier zunächst das heutige System der ökonomischen und stofflichen Synergiebeziehungen zwischen den Raffinerien und der chemischen Industrie analysiert. Im geografischen Fokus stehen dabei Deutschland und der ARRRA-Raum als bedeutendste Chemie-Region innerhalb Europas sowie inhaltlich der sehr relevante Teilbereich der Polymer-Produktion. Die Kerninhalte des Papiers sind:
1) Charakterisierung des petrochemischen Metabolismus in Deutschland, einschließlich Produktions-, Energie-, Feedstock- und Kohlenstoffbilanz sowie Infrastruktur- und Transport-Verflechtungen innerhalb dieses Systems und
2) regionale Vertiefungen in Form von insgesamt acht Steckbriefen über alle petrochemischen Kunststoff-Regionen in Deutschland sowie des Antwerpener und Rotterdamer Clusters.
In the energy sector, few topics, if any, are more hyped than hydrogen. Countries develop hydrogen strategies to provide a perspective for hydrogen production and use in order to meet climate-neutrality goals. However, in this topical field the role of water is less accentuated. Hence, in this study, we seek to map the interrelations between the water and wastewater sector on the one hand and the hydrogen sector on the other hand, before reflecting upon our findings in a country case study. We chose the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan because (i) hydrogen is politically discussed not least due to its high potentials for solar PV, and (ii) Jordan is water stressed - definitely a bad precondition for water-splitting electrolyzers. This research is based on a project called the German-Jordanian Water-Hydrogen-Dialogue (GJWHD), which started with comprehensive desk research mostly to map the intersectoral relations and to scope the situation in Jordan. Then, we carried out two expert workshops in Wuppertal, Germany, and Amman, Jordan, in order to further discuss the nexus by inviting a diverse set of stakeholders. The mapping exercise shows various options for hydrogen production and opportunities for planning hydrogen projects in water-scarce contexts such as Jordan.
Agriculture is a major sector responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Local food production can contribute to reducing transport-related emissions. Since most of the worldwide population lives in cities, locally producing food implies practicing agriculture in urban and peri-urban areas. Exemplary, we analyze the potential to produce fresh vegetables within Berlin, Germany. We investigate the spatial extent of five different urban spaces for soil-based agriculture or gardening, i.e., non-built residential areas, allotment gardens, rooftops, supermarket parking lots, and cemeteries. We also quantify inputs required for such food production in terms of water, human resources, and investment. Our findings highlight that up to 82% of Berlin’s vegetable demand could be produced within the city, based on a reasonable validation of existing areas. Meeting this potential requires 42 km2 of urban spaces for cultivation, a considerable amount of irrigation water, around 17 thousand gardeners, and over 750 million EUR of initial investments. The final vegetable cost would be around 2 EUR to 10 EUR per kg without any profit margin. We conclude that it is realistic to produce a significant amount of Berlin's vegetable demand within the city, even if it comes with great challenges.
Sustainable urban mobility : interventions, key measures and solutions, actors, and opportunities
(2023)
Do ngân sách các-bon còn lại trên toàn thế giới đang giảm nhanh chóng, các quốc gia trên toàn cầu đang tìm kiếm các giải pháp để hạn chế phát thải khí nhà kính. Ngành công nghiệp sản xuất và sử dụng than là một trong những ngành phát thải nhiều các-bon nhất, do vậy, các khu vực khai thác than sẽ bị ảnh hưởng đặc biệt bởi quá trình chuyển đổi sang hệ thống năng lượng và kinh tế trung hòa với khí hậu. Tại các khu vực thực hiện chuyển đổi, những thách thức không chỉ tồn tại trong lĩnh vực sản xuất năng lượng, bảo vệ môi trường, mà còn ở các lĩnh vực kinh tế và xã hội - thường được biết đến với khái niệm "Chuyển đổi Công bằng". Các cấp ra quyết định ở các khu vực khai thác than rất cần có các công cụ hỗ trợ giúp họ xác định các giải pháp chuyển đổi, vừa giúp đa dạng hóa nền kinh tế, vừa hỗ trợ người lao động và cộng đồng địa phương. Viện Wuppertal mong muốn hỗ trợ nâng cao năng lực cho các khu vực khai thác than trên toàn thế giới thông qua Bộ công cụ Chuyển dịch Công bằng – một tài liệu tổng quát, minh họa những thách thức và cơ hội của quá trình chuyển đổi bền vững. Bộ Công cụ này bao gồm kiến thức về xây dựng chiến lược, đưa ra các khuyến nghị về quản trị quá trình chuyển đổi, thúc đẩy việc làm bền vững, nêu bật các lựa chọn công nghệ và đề cập tới vấn đề phục hồi môi trường, tái sử dụng các cơ sở hạ tầng sản xuất than. Bộ Công cụ này được xây dựng dựa trên các nghiên cứu của Viện Wuppertal trong khuôn khổ “Sáng kiến của Liên Minh Châu Âu về chuyển dịch tại các khu vực khai thác than” và các kinh nghiệm thực tế của một số khu vực khai thác than trên toàn thế giới.
Wo werden zukünftig grüner Wasserstoff und synthetische Kraftstoffe produziert? Zu welchen Kosten können diese erzeugt werden? Und welchen Anteil hätte eine heimische Produktion daran? Die Ergebnisse der Studie MENA-Fuels zeigen, dass im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika langfristig sehr große kostengünstige Potenziale für grünen Strom, Wasserstoff und Synfuels bestehen. Die Berücksichtigung von Investitionsrisiken hat jedoch einen signifikanten Einfluss auf deren Kosten und damit auf die Wahl der potenziellen Exportländer.
Der Gebäudebereich steht nicht nur aufgrund seiner Umweltwirkungen vor großen Herausforderungen. Bei der Einhaltung der Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitsziele spielen auch die mit langen Lebens- und Nutzungsdauern von Gebäuden einhergehenden Investitionszyklen eine entscheidende Rolle. Politische und planerische Maßnahmen werden bislang hauptsächlich im Rahmen von Effizienz- und Konsistenzstrategien entwickelt und umgesetzt, um Umweltwirkungen zu minimieren. Die Suffizienzstrategie erfährt im Vergleich dazu eine deutlich geringere Aufmerksamkeit. Ziel dieses Vorhabens ist es deshalb, Suffizienz für den Gebäudebereich zu definieren, geeignete technische und organisatorische Ansätze zu ihrer Unterstützung zu identifizieren sowie Vorschläge zu ihrer Verankerung in politischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Instrumenten zu erarbeiten und exemplarisch darzustellen.
Exnovation und Verkehrswende : vom Automobilitätsregime zu einer nachhaltigen urbanen Mobilität
(2023)
Der Verkehrssektor ist das Sorgenkind beim Klimaschutz. Um die Klimaschutzziele zu erreichen, sind ein rascher und tiefgreifender Wandel beim Verkehr und insgesamt weniger Autoverkehr nötig. In der Verkehrspolitik werden dazu meist innovationsorientierte Strategien verfolgt. Solange das Auto aber seinen privilegierten Status als bevorzugtes Verkehrsmittel behält, wird eine Verlagerung auf innovative und nachhaltige Alternativen verhindert.
Alina Wetzchewald untersucht hier, ob und wie "Exnovation" - also die Beendigung nichtnachhaltiger Praktiken - eine urbane Verkehrswende befördern kann, sodass sich nachhaltige Innovationen und Alternativen in der Folge besser etablieren können. Die Autorin begründet die Notwendigkeit von Exnovation, erarbeitet theoriebasiert Erklärungsansätze und untersucht Exnovation am Fall der Stadt Oslo. Im Ergebnis kann sie konkrete Empfehlungen zur aktiven Gestaltung der urbanen Verkehrswende durch Exnovation ableiten.