Industrialized countries have committed to providing "new and additional" funding to developing countries for climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, lack of a common definition of "new and additional" undermines the climate process. This article aims to contribute to the discussion on the principle of additionality by assessing possible definitions. The article first contextualizes the guiding principles that led to the endorsement of "new and additional" finance within the history of international climate negotiations. Second, we survey definitions of "new and additional" put forward by industrialized countries as well as further proposed definitions put forward by scholars. Third, we assess the respective strengths and weaknesses of these definitions.
Our analysis shows that there is no singular formula that would resolve the problem of how to define additionality. Definitions that would be politically acceptable to developed countries are subject to gaming while definitions that are technically robust are politically difficult. We conclude that a combination of using innovative sources and defining specific future levels of development assistance ex ante may offer the best prospects for resolving the climate finance conundrum.
Improving material efficiency in the manufacturing industry is a sustainability imperative for companies due to economic and environmental advantages such as the reduction of material costs and resource use. Innovative solutions in terms of material efficiency measures are diverse and widespread. As a systematic assessment of efficiency approaches and their effects are likely to support dissemination and deployment, this paper aims to develop an approach that helps to classify material efficiency measures. The classification approach presents different dimensions and properties of material efficiency measures based on a literature analysis regarding existing classification approaches as well as on work that has been conducted for the Eco-Innovation Observatory. The classification has been designed as basis for an empirical impact assessment of material efficiency measures based on a data sample that stems from the German Material Efficiency Agency.
Wasserelektrolyse und regenerative Gase als Schlüsselfaktoren für die Energiesystemtransformation
(2013)
Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz : Systemlösungen als Schlüsselelement der Energiewende
(2013)
Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz sind die Schlüsselstrategien für die Umsetzung einer klimaverträglichen Energieversorgung in Deutschland und weltweit. Dieser Beitrag soll die Kopplung zwischen erneuerbaren Energien und Energieeffizienz im Kontext von Systemlösungen aufzeigen. Diese Systemlösungen sollten schon sehr frühzeitig und systematisch im Kontext von technologischen Lösungen, von Infrastrukturansätzen und von Politikansätzen bedacht werden.