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As illustrated by the case studies of end-of-life vehicles and waste electric and electronic equipment, the approach of an extended producer responsibility is undermined by the exports of used and waste products. This fact causes severe deficits regarding circular flows, especially of critical raw materials such as platinum group metals. With regard to global recycling there seems to be a responsibility gap which leads somehow to open ends of waste flows and a loss or down-cycling of potential secondary resources. Existing product-orientated extended producer responsibility (EPR) approaches with mass-based recycling quotas do not create adequate incentives to supply waste materials containing precious metals to a high-quality recycling and should be amended by aspects of a material stewardship. The paper analyses incentive effects on EPR for the mentioned product groups and metals, resulting from existing regulations in Germany. It develops a proposal for an international covenant on metal recycling as a policy instrument for a governance-oriented framework to initiate systemic innovations along the complete value chain taking into account product group- and resource group-specific aspects on different spatial levels. It aims at the effective implementation of a central idea of EPR, the transition of a waste regime still focusing on safe disposal towards a sustainable management of resources for the complete lifecycle of products.
This paper analyses drivers for resource use and material productivity acrosscountries. This is not only relevant in light of soaring raw material prices but also because EU policies, such as the "Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources" (COM [2005] 670), the EU Raw Materials Initiative (COM [2008] 699) and various similar policies internationally, seek to better manage materials along their life-cycle and across economies. In order to better understand the system dynamics of material use, our paper applies methodologies of material flow analysis and regression analysis to identify the major drivers for resource use and decoupling from GDP. Drivers are understood as those factors that exert influence on human activities to use resources. A panel data set is taken for the European Union for the years 1980–2000 (EU-15) and 1992–2000 (EU-25). The main drivers of resource use were found to be energy efficiency, new dwellings and roads construction activities. Shortcomings of the methodology are also discussed.
Human societies face a threatening future of resource scarcity and environmental damages. This book addresses the challenge of turning these risks into opportunities and policies. It is a collection of high level contributions from experts of sustainable growth and sustainable resource management. Focussing on economics, sustainability, technology and policy, the book highlights system innovation, leapfrogging strategies of emerging economies, possible rebound effects and international market development. It puts natural resources centre stage and will make an important contribution to achieving the goal of a 21st century Green Economy.
Die globalen Rohstoffmärkte weisen Defizite mit erheblichem Konfliktpotenzial auf. Die Bewältigung von Umweltbelastungen, Ressourcenkonflikten, illegalem Handel und Preissprüngen bedürfen einer institutionellen Ordnung. Eine global nachhaltige Ressourcennutzung erfordert verbesserte und neue Governance-Mechanismen, die sowohl privatwirtschaftliche als auch staatliche Akteure einbeziehen. Mögliche neue Governance-Ansätze wären die Gründung einer International Resource Management Agency, die Schaffung eines internationalen Metall-Covenants und eines Abkommens zum nachhaltigen Ressourcenmanagement.
Resource-efficient construction : the role of eco-innovation for the construction sector in Europe
(2011)
Rohstoffkonflikte nachhaltig vermeiden : Forschungs- und Handlungsempfehlungen ; (Teilbericht 5)
(2011)
Rohstoffkonflikte nachhaltig vermeiden : Rohstoffe zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage ; (Teilbericht 2)
(2011)