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It is not the scarcity of resources that constitutes environmental problems, but their use, the physical throughput of our economies. Material flows are a proxy for the totality of the unspecific environmental risks from human activities. As a strategic goal, an increase of the life-cycle-wide resource productivity by a factor 10 is suggested, including the materials bought and sold and the not-valued materials: we have to take into account the product itself and its "ecological rucksack". Material flows are best measured at the input side of the economy, where their number as well as the number of entry gates is limited. Thus here regulation and economic incentives can work more efficiently and less bureaucratically than today. The material intensity of products and services can be expressed as MIPS, the material input per unit of service, and as TMR, the total material requirement on the macro level, an important element in physical input–output tables.
Sektorale Analyse der Strukturwandelprozesse auf dem Weg zu einer dematerialisierten Wirtschaft
(2003)
An input-output approach to analyse the Total Material Requirement (TMR) of national economies
(1999)
Weiter, schneller, mehr - noch treibt dieses Credo die Industriegesellschaft voran, doch unser ressourcen- und energieintensives Wohlstandmodell ist weder zukunftsfähig noch zu verallgemeinern. Die Studie des Wuppertal Instituts geht der Frage nach, wie eine nachhaltige Entwicklung Deutschlands erreicht werden könnte.
Schafft Umweltschutz Beschäftigung? : Literaturstudie und Bewertung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse
(1998)
Limited knowledge and the precautionary principle : on the feasibility of environmental politics
(1997)
Energy and material flows
(1998)