Zukünftige Energie- und Industriesysteme
Refine
Year of Publication
- 2007 (88) (remove)
Document Type
- Contribution to Periodical (34)
- Report (22)
- Part of a Book (16)
- Conference Object (5)
- Peer-Reviewed Article (4)
- Doctoral Thesis (3)
- Book (2)
- Working Paper (2)
Division
- Zukünftige Energie- und Industriesysteme (88) (remove)
Inducing the international diffusion of carbon capture and storage technologies in the power sector
(2007)
Although CO2 capture and storage(CCS) technologies are heatedly debated, many politicians and energy producers consider them to be a possible technical option to mitigate carbon dioxide from large-point sources. Hence, both national and international decision-makers devote a growing amount of capacities and financial resources to CCS in order to develop and demonstrate the technology and enable ist broad diffusion.The presented report concentrates on the influence of policy incentives on CCS diffusion and examines the following research question: Which policy strategy is needed to stimulate the international diffusion of carbon capture and storage technologies in the power sector? Based on the analysis of innovation-specific (e.g. CCS competitiveness and compatibility), market-related (e.g. national CO2 discharges and storage capacities) and institutional determinants (e.g. existing national and international policy frameworks) of CCS diffusion, the paper discusses the suitability of various national and international policy instruments to induce the international deployment of CCS. Afterwards, three CCS diffusion paths are derived from fundamentally different carbon stabilisation scenarios which include climate policy measures to stimulate the adoption of CO2 mitigation technologies.
Iran ist einer der größten Ölexporteure der Welt, sieht sich aber trotzdem mit zahlreichen Energieproblemen konfrontiert (z. B. stark steigender und subventionierter Energieverbrauch). Gemein mit anderen OPEC-Staaten hat Iran außerdem das so genannte Dutch Disease. Für Iran wurden Langzeit-Energieszenarien berechnet, die den Einsatz von Energieeffizienz und erneuerbaren Energien in unterschiedlich hohen Graden abbilden. Es wird gezeigt, dass in Iran unter Beibehaltung des bisherigen energieintensiven Entwicklungspfads binnen weniger Jahrzehnte mehr Erdöl und Erdgas verbraucht werden, als heimisch produziert werden kann. Nur unter Annahme hoher Effizienzsteigerungen wird es möglich sein, dass Iran auch noch im Jahr 2050 Erdöl und Erdgas exportiert. Unter Annahme von Preiskurven wird deutlich, dass Energieeffizienz für den iranischen Staat sehr hohe (ökonomische) Gewinne ermöglicht. Die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien in Iran ermöglicht ebenfalls hohe ökonomische Gewinne: Durch deren heimischen Einsatz kann Erdgas eingespart und exportiert werden. Außerdem tragen sie zu einer Diversifizierung des heimischen Energiemix sowie des Exportportfolios bei. Kernenergie ist dagegen für die Herstellung iranischer Versorgungssicherheit nicht notwendig. Der großmaßstäbliche Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien als Exportgut könnte innerhalb der OPEC einen Prozess der Disaggregation gemeinsamer Interessen einleiten. Dennoch sprechen zahlreiche Gründe dafür, dass die OPEC eine weitreichende Strategie für erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz entwickelt, die langfristig ihren eigenen Interessen dient und sie zu einem Klimaschutz-Vorreiter machen kann.
In rural areas, access to electricity is required for better living standard, enhance income options and reduce population migration. In last decades, steady progress has been made but the status of electrification significantly varies across countries. In developing countries, about 1.6 billion people live without electricity and another 2 billion have access but to an unreliable extent. Large population also live in remote areas where extension of grid is not feasible, where people continuing to live under distress conditions. International projections reveal that number of un-electrified people will remain same by the year 2030 if similar pace of electrification is continued in future.From this perspective, the study describes what bigger countries such as India, China and Brazil are doing and where rural electrification stands in priority in a poor country like Ethiopia. Is off-grid technologies show an option for such remote locations" The two case studies of Vietnam and South Africa reveal that work carried out through external support in the absence of national policies. As a result, people have experienced the benefits of technologies but unable to retain them in long term. Electricity has given various advantages but poor affordability of the people hinders the acceptance of technologies in rural areas.The study shows the need of a framework to achieve the long-term support for rural electrification. A framework that could direct the national priorities, understands social, economic and environmental aspects of off-grid technologies, identify key areas to be strengthen, allocates the roles and responsibilities at different working levels, maintains a consistent flow of adequate finance, pursue regular monitoring process and incorporate the monitoring results, or, critical success factors into the national policies to make them more effective. Both macro- as well as micro-level approaches have been suggested in this study.
Toothless tiger? : Is the EU action plan on energy efficiency sufficient to reach its target?
(2007)
Motivated by, inter alia, the increasing energy prices, the security of energy supply and climate change, the new EU "Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential" (EEAP), sets out the policies and measures required to be implemented over the next six years to achieve the EU's goal of reducing annual primary energy consumption by about 20 % by 2020. By increasing energy efficiency, the security of energy supply and the reduction of carbon emissions are also improved.
The paper will analyse the 20 % target of the new EEAP for the energy demand side by comparison with different recent energy scenarios for the EU. It will therefore review the recommended policies and measures and examine, in which energy demand sectors energy efficiency may be increased and to which extend. The main focus is whether the recommended policies and actions will be sufficient and which additional measures may be useful, if additional measures are needed.