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CO2-capture and geological storage as a climate policy option : technologies, concepts, perspectives
(2007)
The idea of removing carbon dioxide from flue gas and industrial gas flows and putting it into suitable long-term storage sites is referred to as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). This publication provides a close look at this new line of technologies, describing its current status and outlining the prospects for development. The approach is both diagnostic and analytical, identifying the questions a technology assessment poses and showing the steps that need to be taken to implement CCS.
CCS is currently moving to the centre of climate policy discussion. Nonetheless this line of technologies is still the subject of controversial discussion. On the one hand there is a clear hope that these technologies will open up opportunities to use fossil fuels without harming the climate and thus make it possible to continue using oil, natural gas and above all coal even under a stricter climate regime. Accordingly, numerous R&D projects have been initiated all over the world, and various demonstration projects are at the planning or implementation stage. On the other hand, CCS (especially the storage part) has given rise to considerable scepticism from an ecological point of view.
For the option of “carbon capture and storage”, an integrated assessment in the form of a life cycle analysis and a cost assessment combined with a systematic comparison with renewable energies regarding future conditions in the power plant market for the situation in Germany is done. The calculations along the whole process chain show that CCS technologies emit per kWh more than generally assumed in clean-coal concepts (total CO2 reduction by 72-90% and total greenhouse gas reduction by 65-79%) and considerable more if compared with renewable electricity. Nevertheless, CCS could lead to a significant absolute reduction of GHG-emissions within the electricity supply system. Furthermore, depending on the growth rates and the market development, renewables could develop faster and could be in the long term cheaper than CCS based plants. Especially, in Germany, CCS as a climate protection option is phasing a specific problem as a huge amount of fossil power plant has to be substituted in the next 15 years where CCS technologies might be not yet available. For a considerable contribution of CCS to climate protection, the energy structure in Germany requires the integration of capture ready plants into the current renewal programs. If CCS retrofit technologies could be applied at least from 2020, this would strongly decrease the expected CO2 emissions and would give a chance to reach the climate protection goal of minus 80% including the renewed fossil-fired power plants.
Das Ende des Öls
(2006)
Iran ist eines der größten Erdölförderländer und verfügt über riesige Erdgasreserven - und hat doch ein Energieproblem. Im Zuge des steigenden Energieverbrauchs droht das Land zum Energieimporteur zu werden. Ein Ausweg wird in der Kernenergie gesucht, was durch den Fokus auf den militärischen Aspekt ein großes Konfliktpotenzial birgt.
In seiner Dissertation entwickelt Nikolaus Supersberger "Szenarien eines diversifizierten Energieangebots in OPEC-Staaten am Beispiel Irans - Strategien eines auf klimaschonenden Energieträgern basierenden Umstiegs". Die Ergebnisse sind in diesem Reader zusammengefasst.
Es wird deutlich, dass die Kernenergie für eine langfristig sichere Energieversorgung nicht notwendig ist. Er zeigt das große Potenzial zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien und dass eine vollregenerative Stromerzeugung möglich ist. Zudem wird offenbar, dass der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien und von Energieeffizienz die Ölexporte Irans wie auch anderer OPEC-Staaten deutlich strecken würde.