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- Energie-, Verkehrs- und Klimapolitik (254) (remove)
Nationale und internationale Umweltdebatten fokussieren oft auf das Ziel, eine Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen zur Schonung des Klimas zu erreichen. Entsprechend stehen die Themen "Erneuerbare Energien" und "Energieeffizienz" vermehrt im Vordergrund. Die Ökodesign-Richtlinie 2009/32/EG war ein Beispiel für diese Vorgehensweise. Obwohl die Richtlinie prinzipiell alle Umwelteffekte im Lebenszyklus eines Produktes in den Blick nimmt, lag der Fokus der bislang beschlossenen Durchführungsmaßnahmen auf der Steigerung der Energieeffizienz.
Im Rahmen der Richtlinie wurde bereits bedeutsam in die Gestaltung von energiebetriebenen Produkten wie z. B. Kühlschränken und Lampen eingegriffen und durch die erlassenen Mindesteffizienzanforderungen ein entscheidender Beitrag geleistet, die CO2-Emissionen zu reduzieren.
Mit der geänderten Ökodesign-Richtlinie 2009/125/EG wurde der Geltungsbereich auf energieverbrauchsrelevante Produkte erweitert, so dass sich die Frage stellt, ob im Zuge dieser Erweiterung andere Umweltziele stärker in den Mittelpunkt rücken. Zwar spielt die Wirkung auf den Energieverbrauch auch bei zahlreichen nichtenergiebetriebenen bzw. energieverbrauchsrelevanten Produkten eine entscheidende Rolle, doch gerade die Frage, welche weiteren Ressourcen bei den einzelnen Produktgruppen klimapolitisch bedeutsam sind, muss produktspezifisch neu beantwortet werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird dieser Artikel aufzeigen, welche Fragen bei der Untersuchung neuer Produktgruppen wie z. B. Dämmstoffe und Fenstern aufkommen werden und es wird eine erste Einschätzung gegeben, wie eine neue Ressourcenbetrachtung innerhalb der Ökodesign-Richtlinie aussehen kann.
Japan
(2010)
This article analyses the negotiations on the future of the international climate regime at the United Nations Climate Summit in Copenhagen. It also discusses key issues in the ongoing business of implementing the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. The article lays out the main issues at stake in the negotiations, contrasts divergences in interests amongst negotiating parties, and summarises the results achieved in Copenhagen. The report discusses these results in detail and concludes with an outlook on how the challenges ahead could be overcome.
This study analyzes the usefulness of an attitude-based target group approach in predicting the ecological impact of mobility behavior. Based on a survey of 1,991 inhabitants of three large German cities, constructs derived from an expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behavior were used to identify distinct attitude-based target groups. Five groups were identified, each representing a unique combination of attitudes, norms, and values. The groups differed significantly from each other with regard to travel-mode choice, distances traveled, and ecological impact. In comparison with segmentations based on sociodemographic and geographic factors, the predictive power of the attitude-based approach was higher, especially with regard to the use of private motorized modes of transportation. The opportunities and limits of reducing the ecological impact of mobility behavior on the basis of an attitude-based target group approach are discussed.
Pit stop Poznan : an analysis of negotiations on the Bali action plan at the stopover to Copenhagen
(2009)
This paper analyzes the international climate negotiations that took place at the 14th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP) and the 4th Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) held in Poznan, December 1–12, 2008. It works out the main issues at stake in the negotiations, contrasts divergences in interests amongst negotiating Parties, and summarizes the main results achieved in Poznan. Furthermore, it contextualizes the Poznan negotiations within the broader political and economic context, which has shaped climate policy making throughout 2008. The paper ends with an outlook on the tasks ahead in 2009, until the next COP/CMP in December 2009 in Copenhagen.
Achieving sustainable mobility in developing countries : suggestions for a post-2012 agreement
(2009)
In December 2009, countries meet in Copenhagen to establish a new global climate agreement. This article links the need for reducing transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries with the current international climate negotiations. Arguing that a sustainable transport approach requires comprehensive policy packages, it assesses the suitability of current climate negotiation proposals in promoting sustainable transport. The project-based approach under the current climate regime incentivises neither comprehensive sustainable transport and mobility policies, nor sufficient numbers of local projects. Current proposals to increase efforts by developing countries, to reform the Clean Development Mechanism, and to create new emission trading mechanisms are promising but still have to overcome several obstacles. One obstacle involves how to properly assess the impact of actions while maintaining streamlined procedures. The authors conclude from their analysis that the best way forward would be to establish an international mitigation fund with a dedicated transport window financed by industrialised countries. This fund would enable developing countries to implement national policies and local projects. Developing countries would outline low-carbon development strategies, including a sectoral strategy for low-carbon transport.