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Die grundsätzliche wirtschaftstheoretische Kritik am Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz greift zu kurz
(2010)
Der volkswirtschaftliche Nutzen der Förderung erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland über das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) wurde wiederholt von verschiedenen Ökonomen und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Institutionen in Frage gestellt. Dabei wird zumeist als wesentliches Argument vorgebracht, dass das EEG unnötige Kosten für die Gesellschaft verursache und spätestens seit der EU-weiten Umsetzung eines Handels mit CO2-Emissionszertifikaten überflüssig sei. Eine genauere Betrachtung zeigt, dass diese Argumentation zu kurz greift, nicht zuletzt weil sie wesentliche ökonomische Zusammenhänge vernachlässigt.
This study analyzes the usefulness of an attitude-based target group approach in predicting the ecological impact of mobility behavior. Based on a survey of 1,991 inhabitants of three large German cities, constructs derived from an expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behavior were used to identify distinct attitude-based target groups. Five groups were identified, each representing a unique combination of attitudes, norms, and values. The groups differed significantly from each other with regard to travel-mode choice, distances traveled, and ecological impact. In comparison with segmentations based on sociodemographic and geographic factors, the predictive power of the attitude-based approach was higher, especially with regard to the use of private motorized modes of transportation. The opportunities and limits of reducing the ecological impact of mobility behavior on the basis of an attitude-based target group approach are discussed.
It is now widely recognized that effective communication and demand-side policies for alternative energy require sound knowledge of preferences and determinants of demand of the public and consumers. To date, public attitudes towards new transport technologies have been studied under very different conceptual frameworks. This paper gives an overview of the various conceptual frameworks and methodologies used, where four main approaches can be distinguished: general attitudinal surveys, risk perception studies, non-market economic valuation studies, and other approaches such as those based on semiotic theory. We then review the findings of the recent literature on acceptance, attitudes and preferences for hydrogen and fuelcell end-use technologies, focusing on vehicles. These studies are then contrasted with related research into alternative fuel vehicles. The paper finally discusses the main trends in research and avenues for further work in this field. We recommend, among other things, the use of approaches that build knowledge and familiarity with the technology prior to the exploration of attitudes, and the set up of studies that take a whole-systems perspective of hydrogen technologies and that look at hydrogen in the context of other competing clean technologies.