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Im Herbst 2001 veröffentlichte Bundeswirtschaftsminister Werner Müller einen viel diskutierten Energiebericht. Neben einer Bestandsaufnahme der deutschen Energie- und Klimapolitik befasst er sich auch mit einer Analyse der zukünftigen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten des Energiesystems. Dabei steht die Frage im Vordergrund, ob und wenn ja, zu welchem Preis eine über das bisher von der Bundesregierung beschlossene Maß hinausgehende Minderung der CO2-Emissionen möglich ist. Referenzpunkt ist das Ziel, im Jahr 2020 eine CO2-Reduktion von 40 Prozent gegenüber dem Niveau des Jahres 1990 zu erreichen. In seinen Zukunftsaussagen basiert der Energiebericht im Wesentlichen auf einer Untersuchung von Prognos/EWI/Bremer Energieinstitut aus dem Frühjahr 2001. Der Energiebericht will mit dieser Zukunftsbetrachtung einen Beitrag zum energiepolitischen Diskurs leisten und eine intensive Diskussion entfachen. Das Wuppertal Institut stellt sich dieser Aufforderung mit vorliegender Antwort. Dabei sollen die Aussagen und Schlussfolgerungen des Energieberichts kritisch hinterfragt und eigenen Überlegungen gegenübergestellt werden.
Target 2020 : policies and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the EU ; final report
(2005)
The German climate change programme (2000) identified the residential sector as one of the main sectors in which to achieve additional GHG reductions. Our case study compiles results of existing evaluations of the key policies and measures that were planned and introduced and carries out some own estimates of achievements. We show, which emission reductions and which instruments where planned and what was delivered until 2004.
Legal instruments such as the revised building code were introduced later than planned and their effects will - at least partly - fall behind expectations. Other legal instruments such as minimum energy performance standards for domestic appliances etc. were - in spite of the programme - not implemented yet.
On the other hand, substantial financial incentives were introduced. Especially schemes granting low-interest loans for building renovation were introduced. However tax subsidies for low-energy buildings were phased out.
In general we can conclude from our case study that Germany was not able to compensate for the slower or restricted implementation of legal instruments through the introduction of financial incentives. Particularly the efficient use of electricity has been left aside as almost no further policy action was taken since 2001.
Thus energy efficiency in the residential sector will not deliver the GHG reductions planned for in the German climate change programme until 2005. From our findings we draw conclusions and recommendations towards policy makers: Which lessons are to be learnt and what has to be done in order to fully harness EE potentials in residential sector as planned for 2010?
As many other countries, Germany misses to exploit most of its large potential for cost-effective energy efficiency improvements. An organisation collecting funds and allocating them to the most (cost-)effective programmes could be a solution.
Therefore, political parties and trade unions as well as environmental NGOs have called for the creation of such an Energy Efficiency Fund. A recent study by the Wuppertal Institute together with a number of partners, commissioned by the Hans Böckler Foundation, analysed the feasibility of such an institution.
It has been the objective of the project, completed in March 2005, to
identify the added value of an Energy Efficiency Fund,
develop concrete proposals for the institutional setting and the financing of an Energy Efficiency Fund in Germany,
prepare and assess the benefits and costs of a portfolio of innovative but realistic energy efficiency programmes and campaigns, which the Energy Efficiency Fund would implement,
identify the effects of the fundraising and the programmes on different industries, particularly on the suppliers of energy-efficient technologies and services, and on their growth and employment perspectives,
estimate the net employment effects of such an Energy Efficiency Fund and its activities.
This paper presents the results and assesses the usefulness of the project and the participatory elements for increasing the acceptance of such a policy instrument.
Options and potentials for energy end-use efficiency and energy services : summary ; final report
(2006)
Toothless tiger? : Is the EU action plan on energy efficiency sufficient to reach its target?
(2007)
Motivated by, inter alia, the increasing energy prices, the security of energy supply and climate change, the new EU "Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential" (EEAP), sets out the policies and measures required to be implemented over the next six years to achieve the EU's goal of reducing annual primary energy consumption by about 20 % by 2020. By increasing energy efficiency, the security of energy supply and the reduction of carbon emissions are also improved.
The paper will analyse the 20 % target of the new EEAP for the energy demand side by comparison with different recent energy scenarios for the EU. It will therefore review the recommended policies and measures and examine, in which energy demand sectors energy efficiency may be increased and to which extend. The main focus is whether the recommended policies and actions will be sufficient and which additional measures may be useful, if additional measures are needed.