Open Access

Die Nutzung unvermeidbarer Abwärme gilt als ein wichtiger Baustein zur Dekarbonisierung von industrieller Prozesswärme und Fernwärme. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse zur Rolle der Abwärme in verschiedenen Klimaschutzszenarien für Deutschland vorgestellt.

This article aims to shed light on the contextual embeddedness of the diffusive dynamics of onshore wind energy in Argentina by employing the integrated MLP-TIS framework. Based on the methodology of constellation analysis, this paper analyses the various stages of development of onshore wind energy in Argentina since 1990. The objective is to investigate how exogenous dynamics have hindered or promoted the dissemination of wind energy in Argentina. Thereby, beyond the empirical findings, this study contributes to the growing body of sustainability transitions research. The results provide evidence of a variety of socio-technical niches across the five development phases of the focal TIS: pilot projects, self-generation by energy cooperatives, projects based on feed-in tariffs, state financed and operated wind farms, hydrogen production and compliance with legal requirements for large users. A key insight of this research is that the classification of the development phases of the technology trajectory in Argentina is particularly related to the effects of contextual factors. With the construction of South America's first wind farm in 1990, Argentina was the pioneer of wind energy in Latin America for almost a decade. This initial positive development was facilitated by a constellation of specific framework conditions: Stable exchange rates, liberalisation and privatisation of electricity markets, and subsequently wind energy as a business model for energy cooperatives. Moreover, since the 2000s, renewable energy has been perceived as part of the solution to the national energy crisis. However, the Argentine case also illustrates how, during later development phases, structural problems within the country, such as political instability or macroeconomic uncertainties, hampered access to international project finance and thus severely affected the further development of wind energy. Discontinuities in the basic orientation of the country's economic policy resulting from changes in government were identified as another relevant contextual factor.

Over 175 million Nigerians rely on the use of traditional biomass for cooking, and it is estimated that more than 128,000 people died in Nigeria in 2019 from household air pollution related to these fuels. There is currently a gap in the study of possible pathways to meet Nigeria's goals in clean cooking and in understanding the health and climate impacts that different pathways can bring about. We explore clean cooking access scenarios for Nigeria until 2060 under a business-as-usual scenario, a moderate climate mitigation scenario, and an ambitious transformative scenario. We carry out a disaggregation at the state level for the period up to 2030 to better guide shorter-term policy development. Our analysis shows that under an ambitious scenario where 85 million households achieve access to clean cooking by 2060, annual premature deaths due to exposure to household air pollution would decrease by 7 % compared to 2018 levels. A baseline scenario, on the other hand, sees a dramatic 77 % increase, resulting in 209,000 people dying prematurely, of which 94,000 children under 5. Furthermore, we find that woodfuel removals from forestland would lead to a tripling of carbon dioxide emissions from land use change, reaching 602 Mt CO2 by 2060. Our findings stress the vital importance of a clean cooking transition in Nigeria and underline the urgent need for immediate acceleration in national efforts regarding access to clean cooking for all.