Zukünftige Energie- und Industriesysteme
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (5) (remove)
Year of Publication
- 2014 (5) (remove)
Document Type
- Conference Object (5) (remove)
Division
Techno-economic feasibility study of solar and wind based irrigation systems in Northern Colombia
(2014)
Water pumping systems powered by solar and wind energy are a clean, decentralized and economic alternative for the irrigation of crops. The intense droughts experienced in the last years in Northern Colombia due to particularly strong Nino Phenomena have reactivated the need of reliable water pumping irrigation systems in that region. This study aims to assess the techno economic feasibility of solar and wind based pumping irrigation system, taking as case study the Municipality of Piojo in the Atlantico department. In the first stage of the study the irrigation water requirements were determined by using the software CROPWAT based on two different crop patterns that represent existing feasible alternatives for small farmers of the region: i) a common crop pattern, which represent the current average distribution of crops for subsistence farming and ii) a fruit cash crop pattern that comprises crops for which well established markets in the region exist. Solar wind and diesel based pumping systems were sized based on the crop water demands for 1 ha. The unit irrigation costs of the three technologies, the two crop patterns and the three irrigation methods (surface, sprinkler and drip) were calculated and compared. The economical analysis was complemented with a cost-benefit analysis over 20 years. Our results show that both renewable energy based pumping systems (wind and solar) can cover the irrigation water demands of small farmers in the region. The economical analysis shows that windmills are the most cost effective solution followed by the solar pumping system. Diesel pumping system was the less cost effective, even though it does not comprise investment in water storage tank. The cost benefit analysis demonstrates that any irrigation system is financially unfeasible when providing water to a common crop pattern. In case of the fruit cash crop scenario the highest dividends were obtained by the wind pumping system and the lowest dividends by the diesel pumping system. The lowest payback period was obtained by the windmill after 7 years and could be even feasible after the fifth year if the surplus water would be used to irrigate larger areas. Dividends obtained in a fruit cash crop scenario with irrigation after 20 years were in the range of EUR 5200 and EUR 11200 higher than dividends obtained by the same crop pattern but without irrigation.
Eine zukünftige Herausforderung der Energiewende wird darin bestehen, zunehmende Stromnetzeinspeisungen von fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energien (FEE) in das Energiesystem zu integrieren. Neben den Flexibilitäten im Stromsystem sollten dabei auch die Möglichkeiten des Wärmemarktes zur Stabilisierung des Strommarktes berücksichtigt werden. So können Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungs-Anlagen (KWK), Elektroheizer und Wärmepumpen als Verbindungstechnologien zwischen Strom- und Wärmemarkt abhängig vom FEE-Dargebot und damit auch den Preissignalen des Strommarktes zu- bzw. abgeschaltet werden. Dazu werden Wärmespeicher benötigt, da die Flexibilisierung nur möglich ist, wenn die Produktion von der Wärmenutzung entkoppelt werden kann. Eine besonders aussichtsreiche Kopplung von Strom- und Wärmemarkt ist im Bereich der Fernwärmesysteme möglich, da sich hier große Energiemengen in Fernwärmespeichern im Vergleich zu dezentralen Lösungen kostengünstiger und effizienter speichern lassen.
Die Wahrung der Systemsicherheit muss perspektivisch von konventionellen Kraftwerken auf regenerative Energien und Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlagen (KWK) verlagert werden. Diese sollen zukünftig Systemdienstleistungen übernehmen, um in zunehmendem Maße fluktuierende erneuerbare Energien (FEE) zu integrieren. Deutschland strebt an, im Jahr 2020 ein Viertel der elektrischen Energie aus KWK-Anlagen zu erzeugen. Damit werden diese Anlagen einen wesentlichen Teil der regelbaren Stromerzeugung ausmachen. Insbesondere die Erzeugung in dezentralen Blockheizkraftwerken (BHKW) wird zunehmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, ob dezentrale Anlagen überhaupt nennenswert zur Systemstabilität beitragen können.
This paper draws upon an extensive transdisciplinary scenario development in the context of the stakeholder oriented preparation of the climate protection plan of the German federal state North Rhine-Westphalia, which is home to the most important heavy industry cluster in Europe. In that context we developed differentiated bottom up climate change mitigation strategies and scenarios for the major energy intensive industries aluminium, iron and steel, cement, lime, paper and steam cracker for olefin production together with representatives of industry as well as society.
In the light of the tremendous challenges facing the energy systems of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a number of concepts, roadmaps and scenario studies have emerged, describing potential transformation pathways towards a more sustainable, renewable-based, energy supply future in the region. Our article uses the scientific approach of "transition research" to analyze the most pertinent publications and concepts in this field to identify the key drivers and barriers for the transformation of the regional energy systems. The analysis likewise includes an assessment of possible indicators and indexes that can be used to monitor the sustainability of the transformation process of MENA energy systems.