Energie-, Verkehrs- und Klimapolitik
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The COMBI project aimed at quantifying the multiple non-energy benefits of energy efficiency in the EU-28 area and incorporate those multiple impacts into decision-support frameworks for policy-making. Therefore, all multiple impacts of energy efficiency are analysed from an overall societal view in the project. The COMBI policy recommendations resulting from the evaluation outcomes are presented in this report.
COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, and that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. All figures quantified by COMBI relate to additional values, i.e. additional impacts resulting from additional EEI actions beyond the reference scenario as a consequence of additional policies. The project quantified in total 31 individual impact indicators with appropriate state-of-the-art models.
Any energy efficiency impact evaluation can be done from different analytical perspectives, e.g. the investor/end-user perspective, program administrator perspective or the societal perspective. COMBI applies the "societal perspective", as this is most relevant for policy-making. COMBI draws on a reference scenario until the year 2030 including existing (partially already ambitious) policies. By modelling 21 sets of "energy efficiency improvement" (EEI) actions, a second efficiency scenario was modelled amounting to additional energy savings of around 8% p.a. in 2030, that is comparable to the EUCO+33 to EUCO+35 scenario. This D2.7 quantification report summarises the quantification approaches applied in the COMBI project and main project findings. It therefore draws on other COMBI reports that contain this information in greater detail in order to summarise quantifications.
The report is structured in three main sections: 1. The COMBI approach and methods, explaining key methodological approaches both for individual impact quantifications and for the aggregation of impacts 2. Quantification results, giving an overview on main figures of quantified indicators and 3. Insights from cross-impact analysis, which gives a comparison between monetised impacts and presents their use for Cost-Benefit calculations in the COMBI online tool.
Die Dekarbonisierung des deutschen Wohngebäudebestandes stellt einen wichtigen Baustein zum Gelingen der Energiewende dar. Politisches Ziel ist ein "nahezu klima-neutraler" Gebäudebestand bis 2050. Trotz Erfolgen in der Vergangenheit und eines umfangreichen Policy-Mix verbleibt die energetische Sanierungstätigkeit sowohl hinichtlich der Sanierungstiefe als auch der Sanierungsbreite unterhalb des politisch geforderten und ökologisch notwendigen Maßes. Die Arbeit widmet sich daher der Frage, unter welchen individuellen und quartiersbezogenen Rahmenbedingungen Immobilieneigentümer energetische Sanierungsmaßnahmen durchführen und wie die energetische Sanierungstätigkeit durch Multi-Level-Governance gesteigert werden kann. Die Analyse erfolgt fallstudienbasiert für die Eigentümergruppe der privaten Kleinvermieter, die rund 37 Prozent des deutschen Wohnungsbestandes bewirtschaften. Anhand eines mixed method-Ansatzes wird zunächst durch problemzentrierte Interviews ein Modell zur Beschreibung des Investitionsentscheidungsprozesses entwickelt, was anschließend durch eine schriftlich-postalische Befragung und ihre regressions-analytische Auswertung bewertet wird. Durch die Triangulation können förderliche und hemmende Einflussfaktoren identifiziert werden. Aufbauend auf den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen sowie den empirischen Ergebnissen werden anschließend politische Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet.
Comprehensive framework on asset management of transportation networks and resilience planning
(2018)
The need for sustainable energy management at the municipal level is growing, in order to meet EU climate goals. Multiple initiatives have been launched to support municipalities in energy planning and strategy development process. Despite available support, research shows mixed results about implementation of plans and strategies. This research paper analyses what targets municipalities set, how they monitor implementation of their sustainable energy action plans (SEAPs) and searches for the most important factors that have enabled or hindered the implementation of local SEAPs at Latvia. The article shows that, in some cases, there is evidence that SEAP development is a project-based activity, supported by external experts. From municipal personnel point of view, it is a project that ends with approved SEAP, but not a part of their future daily routine. Eventually implementation of the plan is difficult, because municipalities lack experience in daily management of energy data, distribution of responsibilities and implementation of procedures. Municipalities also tend to exclude important stakeholders in their SEAPs, like, private sector, household sector and transport sector, which lead to lower targets and lower achievements in GHG reduction.
In the context of the German-Korean Energy Policy Dialogue, integration of renewable power sources and smart grids have been identified as topics with high relevance. This study aims to support mutual learning and exploration of new fields for collaboration by identifying similarities and differences in the respective status quos, strategies and policies in both countries.
After a short introduction to the South Korean energy situation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the South Korean power market, its situation regarding renewable power sources and the Korean definition of smart grids. Chapter 3 of this study highlights the major South Korean energy strategies and regulatory frameworks relevant to integration of renewable energies and smart grids. In Chapter 4, the status and perspectives of renewable energy sources integration and smart grids in South Korea are discussed, presenting various demonstrative examples, new business models and the current situation of technology deployment. Chapter 5 puts South Korea in the global context and compares it to Germany. Finally, Chapter 6 draws conclusions and presents recommendations on suitable areas for mutual learning.
While the Paris Agreement (PA) has enshrined ambitious long-term objectives, the current level of action of the Parties to the Agreement falls far short of this ambition, as is recognised in the very COP decision adopting the Agreement. The Global Stocktake (GST) established in Art. 14 of the PA is a key element to address this problem. Its purpose is to review the implementation of the PA and to assess the progress made towards the collectively agreed goals.
The aim of this report is to develop recommendations on how to maximise the potential impact of the GST. The report starts from a perspective of what the GST could ideally do, irrespective of decisions already taken under the UNFCCC and other political constraints. In the second step, the report takes these limitations into account and suggests ways for how to nonetheless work towards the desired outcome.
Diese Studie untersucht Notwendigkeiten und Möglichkeiten, Wasserstoff und Strom zu nutzen, um den Verkehrssektor in Deutschland perspektivisch zu dekarbonisieren. Basis der Untersuchung ist das Dekarbonisierungsszenario des Wuppertal Instituts von 2017, welches den Verkehrssektor Deutschlands unter der Maßgabe dekarbonisiert, dass Deutschland einen adäquaten Beitrag dazu leistet, den Klimawandel auf 1,5 °C mittlere Temperaturerhöhung gegenüber dem vorindustriellen Zeitalter zu begrenzen.
Das Dekarbonisierungsszenario nimmt eine ambitionierte Verkehrswende an, um dieses Politikziel zu erreichen. Es zeichnet sich durch eine besonders effiziente Mobilität aus, indem es umfangreiche Vermeidungs- und Verlagerungsmaßnahmen vorsieht und dadurch der Energieverbrauch besonders gering bleiben kann. Dennoch werden selbst in diesem Klimaschutzszenario signifikante Mengen erneuerbaren Stroms für den Verkehrssektor benötigt.
Es findet eine möglichst "direkte Elektrifizierung" statt, also ein Strombezug von batterie-elektrischen Pkw aus dem Netz, sowie über Oberleitungen für die Schiene und für große Lkw auf Bundesautobahnen. Es ist aber auch eine "indirekte Elektrifizierung" nötig, indem aus erneuerbarem Strom unter der Hinnahme von Wirkungsgradverlusten Wasserstoff (H2) und als Folgeprodukt auch synthetische Kraftstoffe hergestellt werden. Diese strombasierten Produkte werden im Dekarbonisierungsszenario für große Pkw und Lkw verwendet.
Die vorliegende Studie berechnet zusätzlich den H2- bzw. PtX-Bedarf des internationalen Flug- und Seeverkehrs. Sie bestimmt außerdem das Lastprofil für eine ungesteuerte Ladung von Elektro-Pkw im Zieljahr. Die Berechnungen verdeutlichen, dass die Dekarbonisierung des Verkehrssektors in Zukunft sehr viel stärker mit dem Stromsystem wechselwirkt. Für Klimaschutz im Verkehr bedarf es neben einer drastischen Energieverbrauchssenkung und einem beschleunigten Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien auch die Infrastruktur für Strom und strombasierte Produkte.
Theoretical advances suggest that international governance in general and the Paris Agreement in particular provide a strong signal guiding sociotechnical systems toward decarbonization. We assess this signal and its effects empirically, by examining the struggle of competing narratives as present in the communications of leading US fossil fuel industry associations and companies. The results are then discussed in the context of the national and international climate and energy policy debates in a study period from late 2014 until the announcement of withdrawal from the Paris Agreement in June 2017. We find that the Paris Agreement has institutionalized a narrative paradigm that is surprisingly resilient. While the election of Donald Trump and his climate and energy policy led to a narrative shift in the coal industry, the oil and gas industry remained conspicuously silent in its immediate response and maintained its narrative strategies despite its alignment with the Paris Agreement.
