Refine
Year of Publication
Document Type
- Report (41)
- Part of a Book (14)
- Peer-Reviewed Article (9)
- Conference Object (6)
- Contribution to Periodical (5)
- Working Paper (4)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Ackerfrüchte in den Tank?
(2011)
Behälterglasherstellung
(2018)
Das Ziel der Energiewende - ein sicheres, umweltverträgliches und ökonomisch erfolgreiches Energiesystem - birgt diverse Herausforderungen. Diese umfassen die Erreichung der Klimaneutralität, den Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energieträger in allen Sektoren (inkl. Schwerlast- und Flugverkehr sowie industrielle Prozesswärme) als auch deren gegenseitige Integration. Bioenergie kann hierzu einen multiplen Beitrag leisten, sowie negative Emissionen bereitstellen und darüber hinaus auch Beiträge jenseits des Energiesystems erbringen, wie Naturschutz, ländliche Entwicklung, oder die Bereitstellung von biogenem CO2 als Rohstoff für die chemische Industrie. Somit ist Bioenergie ein unverzichtbarer Bestandteil für die Lösung der Herausforderungen in der Transformation zu einem nachhaltigen Energiesystem.
Gegenwärtig stellt Bioenergie mit dem größten Anteil an erneuerbaren Energien im Primärenergieverbrauch (60 %) als auch im Endenergieverbrauch (53 %), mehr als alle anderen erneuerbaren Energieträger zusammen. Dabei bestehen Unterschiede zwischen den Endenergiesektoren: während Bioenergie in der Bruttostromerzeugung 24 % des erneuerbaren Stroms deckt, dominiert sie die erneuerbare Bereitstellung von Wärme mit 86 % als auch den erneuerbaren Endenergieverbrauch im Verkehrssektor mit 88 % in 2018. Aufgrund der Bedeutung von Bioenergie heute werden Beispiele vorgestellt, welche einen zukünftigen multipleren Systembeitrag von Bioenergie fokussieren.
CCS und Biomasse
(2015)
The CO2 utilisation is discussed as one of the future low-carbon technologies in order to accomplish a full decarbonisation in the energy intensive industry. CO2 is separated from the flue gas stream of power plants or industrial plants and is prepared for further processing as raw material. CO2 containing gas streams from industrial processes exhibit a higher concentration of CO2 than flue gases from power plants; consequentially, industrial CO2 sources are used as raw material for the chemical industry and for the synthesis of fuel on the output side. Additionally, fossil resources can be replaced by substitutes of reused CO2 on the input side. If set up in a right way, this step into a CO2-based circular flow economy could make a contribution to the decarbonisation of the industrial sector and according to the adjusted potential, even rudimentarily to the energy sector.
In this study, the authors analyse potential CO2 sources, the potential demand and the range of applications of CO2. In the last chapter of the final report, they give recommendations for research, development, politics and economics for an appropriate future designing of CO2 utilisation options based upon their previous analysis.
In order to ensure security of supply in a future energy system with a high share of volatile electricity generation, flexibility technologies are needed. Industrial demand-side management ranks as one of the most efficient flexibility options. This paper analyses the effect of the integration of industrial demand-side management through the flexibilisation of aluminium electrolysis and other flexibilities of the electricity system and adjacent sectors. The additional flexibility options include electricity storage, heat storage in district heating networks, controlled charging of electric vehicles, and buffer storage in hydrogen electrolysis. The utilisation of the flexibilities is modelled in different settings with an increasing share of renewable energies, applying a dispatch model. This paper compares which contributions the different flexibilities can make to emission reduction, avoidance of curtailment, and reduction of fuel and CO2 costs, and which circumstances contribute to a decrease or increase of overall emissions with additional flexibilities. The analysis stresses the rising importance of flexibilities in an energy system based on increasing shares of renewable electricity generation, and shows that flexibilities are generally suited to reduce carbon emissions. It is presented that the relative contribution towards the reduction of curtailment and costs of flexibilisation of aluminium electrolysis are high, whereby the absolute effect is small compared to the other options due to the limited number of available processes.
On behalf of the Port of Rotterdam Authority, the Wuppertal Institute developed three possible pathways for a decarbonised port of Rotterdam until 2050. The port area is home to about 80 per cent of the Netherlands' petrochemical industry and significant power plant capacities. Consequently, the port of Rotterdam has the potential of being an international leader for the global energy transition, playing an important role when it comes to reducing CO2 emissions in order to deliver on the EU's long-term climate goals.
The three decarbonisation scenarios all built on the increasing use of renewables (wind and solar power) and the adoption of the best available technologies (efficiency). The analysis focuses on power plants, refineries and the chemical industry, which together are responsible for more than 90 per cent of the port area's current CO2 emissions.
The decarbonisation scenarios describe how CO2 emissions could be reduced by 75 to 98 per cent in 2050 (compared to 2015). Depending on the scenario, different mitigation strategies are relied upon, including electrification, closure of carbon cycles or carbon capture and storage (CCS). The study includes recommendations for local companies, the Port Authority as well as policy makers. In addition, the study includes a reference scenario, which makes it clear that a "business as usual" mentality will fall well short of contributing adequately to the EU's long-term climate goals.
Renewable energy plays a key role in the sustainable pathway towards a low carbon future and, despite new supply capacities, the transformation of the energy system also requires the adoption of a method which allows for the integration of increasing amounts of renewable energy. This requires a transition to more flexible processes at an industrial level and demand side management (DSM) is one possible way of achieving this transition. Currently, increased shares of variable renewable energy can cause the electricity supply to become more volatile and result in changes to the electricity market. In order to develop a new dynamic equilibrium to balance supply and demand, sufficient flexibility in demand is required. As adequate storage systems are not available in the short to medium term, the potential for large electricity consumers to operate flexibly is an attractive, pragmatic and feasible option. Recent studies in Germany suggest that there is significant potential for DSM in so-called "energy-intensive industries". However, the figures (which fall in the approximate range of 1,250-2,750 MW positive and 400-1,300 MW negative shiftable load) should be interpreted with caution. The range of industrial processes considered are diverse and vary from plant to plant, with the result that it is difficult to provide accurate calculations of the accumulated potential for Germany or the EU as a whole. Based on extensive surveys and panel discussions with representatives from energy-intensive industries (aluminum, cement, chemicals, iron & steel, pulp & paper), which together account for approximately one third of the industrial electricity demand in Germany, our paper provides an overview of both the opportunities and the barriers faced by DSM. One of the key findings is the possible loss in energy efficiency due to DSM: in order to decrease or increase production depending on the stability needs of the electricity system, plants and processes may no longer operate at their optimum levels. The effects on downstream production must also be taken into account in order to gain a more complete understanding of the overall effects of industrial DSM.