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The establishment of the Leveraging a Climate-neutral Society–strategic Research Network (LCS–RNet) (then named the International Research Network for Low Carbon Societies) was proposed at the Group of Eight (G8) Environment Ministers’ Meeting in 2008. Its 12th annual meeting in December 2021 focused on the discussion on how to transition into a just and sustainable society and how to reduce the risks associated with the transition. This requires comprehensive studies including on the concept of transition, pathways to net-zero societies and how to realise the pathways by collaborating with various stakeholders. This Special Feature provides new insights into sustainability science by linking the scientific knowledge with practical science for the transition through the exploration of studies presented at the annual meeting. Following the opening paper, "A challenge for sustainability science: can we halt climate change?", a wide range of topics were discussed, including practices for sustainable transformation in the Erasmus University, practices in industry, energy transition and international cooperation.
The petrochemical industry is among the most relevant sectors from an economic, energetic and climate policy perspective. In Western Europe, production occurs in local chemical parks that form strongly connected and densely integrated regional clusters. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the petrochemical system in Germany and investigates three particularly distinct clusters regarding their challenges and chances for a transition towards climate-neutrality. For this, feedstock and energy supply, product portfolios and process integration as well as existing transformation activities are examined. We find that depending on their distinct network characteristics and location, unique and complex strategies are to be mastered for every cluster. Despite the many activities underway, none of them seems to have a strategic network to co-create a tailored defossilization strategy for the cluster - which is the core recommendation of this paper to develop.
Populäre Irrtümer beim Klimaschutz : was bringen Ökostrom, Kompensation und Baumpflanzaktionen?
(2024)
Die Schul-CO2-Bilanz
(2024)
Dieses Buch bietet einen Leitfaden für mehr Klimaschutz an Schulen und holt Schulleitungen, Lehrkräfte und Schüler:innen gemeinschaftlich ins Boot - denn Klimaschutz ist eine Gemeinschaftsaufgabe. Mit dem "Whole School Approach" wird die ganzheitliche Umsetzung von Klimaschutzaktivitäten in der Schulentwicklung angestoßen und auf schulischer Ebene ermöglicht und erleichtert.
Ziel ist es, Lehrer:innen in ihrer Gestaltungskompetenz für mehr Klimaschutz zu stärken - dies geschieht durch konkrete Vorschläge für die Arbeit mit Schüler:innen im Unterricht. Partizipative Methoden der Beteiligung sollen die Schüler:innen empowern und den Lehrkräften Ideen geben, um die eigene Selbstwirksamkeit, aber auch die der Schüler:innen zu steigern.
Die zentrale Kernbotschaft lautet: ein Klimaschutzprojekt an der Schule ist wesentlich für die strukturelle Verankerung von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung im Schulalltag. Der Leitfaden gibt Anregungen für die Unterrichtsgestaltung, Anregungen für die Entwicklung eines Klimaschutzleitbildes, Hinweise für das Gebäudemanagement und Ideen zur Einbindung des schulischen Umfelds.
As society's reliance on software systems escalates over time, so too does the cost of failure of these systems. Meanwhile, the complexity of software systems, as well as of their designs, is also ever-increasing, influenced by the proliferation of new tools and technologies to address intended societal needs. The traditional response to this complexity in software engineering and software architecture has been to apply rationalistic approaches to software design through methods and tools for capturing design rationale and evaluating various design options against a set of criteria. However, research from other fields demonstrates that intuition may also hold benefits for making complex design decisions. All humans, including software designers, use intuition and rationality in varying combinations. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and unknown from existing research regarding the use and performance consequences of using intuition and rationality in software design decision-making. To this end, a systematic literature review has been conducted, with an initial sample of 3909 unique publications and a final sample of 26 primary studies. We present an overview of existing research, based on the literature concerning intuition and rationality use in software design decision-making and propose a research agenda with 14 questions that should encourage researchers to fill identified research gaps. This research agenda emphasizes what should be investigated to be able to develop support for the application of the two cognitive processes in software design decision-making.
Agriculture is a major sector responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Local food production can contribute to reducing transport-related emissions. Since most of the worldwide population lives in cities, locally producing food implies practicing agriculture in urban and peri-urban areas. Exemplary, we analyze the potential to produce fresh vegetables within Berlin, Germany. We investigate the spatial extent of five different urban spaces for soil-based agriculture or gardening, i.e., non-built residential areas, allotment gardens, rooftops, supermarket parking lots, and cemeteries. We also quantify inputs required for such food production in terms of water, human resources, and investment. Our findings highlight that up to 82% of Berlin’s vegetable demand could be produced within the city, based on a reasonable validation of existing areas. Meeting this potential requires 42 km2 of urban spaces for cultivation, a considerable amount of irrigation water, around 17 thousand gardeners, and over 750 million EUR of initial investments. The final vegetable cost would be around 2 EUR to 10 EUR per kg without any profit margin. We conclude that it is realistic to produce a significant amount of Berlin's vegetable demand within the city, even if it comes with great challenges.
Sustainable urban mobility : interventions, key measures and solutions, actors, and opportunities
(2023)
Ob die Rückführung von industriellen und gewerblichen Sekundärkunststoffen, das heißt von Abfällen bzw. von bereits wiederaufbereiteten Kunststoffrezyklaten, gelingen kann, ist von mehreren Faktoren wie insbesondere den spezifischen Materialeigenschaften, den Mengen, in denen sie anfallen, den aktuellen Marktpreisen (auch gegenüber Neuware) und auch der räumlichen Nähe von Sortier- bzw. Wiederaufbereitungsinfrastruktur abhängig. Trotz eigentlich guter Voraussetzungen für ein werkstoffliches Recycling, gelangen einzelne in Unternehmen anfallende Abfallchargen häufig in eine thermische Verwertung, weil sich ein Recycling wirtschaftlich nicht lohnt. Grund hierfür ist unter anderem, dass der Informationsaustausch zu den oben genannten Faktoren für Unternehmen häufig noch sehr mangelhaft ist.
Aktuell in Entwicklung befindliche digitale Plattformen und Applikationen sowie zugehörige Geschäfts- und Betreibermodelle, welche Kunststoffverarbeiter untereinander sowie Wertstofferzeuger und -verwerter vernetzen sollen, können künftig höhere Recyclingquoten ermöglichen und ökologische Einsparpotenziale heben.
Der Artikel führt Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse aktueller Forschungsprojekte zu solchen Vernetzungen zusammen, zeigt die aktuelle Situation des werkstofflichen Recyclings von industriellen und gewerblichen Kunststoffabfällen auf und beleuchtet welche Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Kreislaufführung von industriellen Kunststoffen gegeben sein müssen. Es wird insbesondere analysiert, in welcher Weise digitale Technologien und die durch sie erzielbare Informationstransparenz eine verbesserte Kreislaufwirtschaft bewirken können und in welcher Weise dies Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke räumlich beeinflussen kann.
Bewertung ist mit Entwertung ebenso verbunden wie die Eingrenzung der Einen mit der Ausgrenzung der Anderen. Dieser Mechanismus, genannt "Externalisierung als Prinzip", ist bezeichnend für die herrschaftlich geprägte kapitalistische Wertbildung, die systematisch Abwertungen und Ausschlüsse hervorruft. Die Konstruktion dieses externalisierenden Prinzips wird theorie- und ideengeschichtlich analysiert, um sodann nach aktuellen Veränderungen zu suchen: "Wertbeben" durch COVID-19? Herrschaftsfreie Bewertung ohne Externalisierung in alternativen Handlungsräumen? Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie laden zu kritischen Reflexionen und zukunftsweisenden Überlegungen ein.
Im ersten Kapitel analysieren die Autorinnen ideen- und theoriegeschichtlich die politik- und wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Konstruktion des externalisierenden Prinzips, seine auch gewaltsame Durchsetzung und die damit einhergehenden Herrschaftsformen. Sie beginnen mit Thomas Hobbes und enden bei Karl Marx. Entwicklungslinien im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert skizzieren Uta von Winterfeld und Adelheid Biesecker im zweiten Kapitel und stellen die wirkmächtigen Erzählungen und ihre Schatten vor. Das umfangreiche dritte Kapitel war nicht vorgesehen, ebenso,wie COVID-19 selber. Das Virus hat uns eine "Fallstudie" beschert, in der die Autorinnen der Frage nachgehen, ob COVID-19 ein Wertbeben darstellt. Andrea Baier steuert einen Beitrag zur Sorge und Sorgearbeit in Zeiten der Pandemie bei. Charlotte Horras, Luisa Lucas und Annika Rehm erzählen uns die Geschichte der "erschöpft und empörten" berufstätigen Mütter. Vera Kravchik, Melanie Lucas und Yasmin erzählen als politische Sozialarbeiterinnen, die sich in Pandemiezeiten engagieren und zugleich blockiert werden. Biesecker und von Winterfeld analysieren weiter, ob sich Gesellschaftliche Naturverhältnisse verändern und ob hier ein "Wertbeben" stattgefunden hat. Das für die Autorinnen unerwartete Ergebnis ist, dass die Pandemie auch als Ausdruck krisenhafter gesellschaftlicher Naturverhältnisse verstanden werden muss und ein Wertbeben kaum stattfindet. Da sie gleich zu Beginn der Pandemie vermutet haben, dass sie einen Digitalisierungsschub auslösen wird, haben sie Andrea Vetter gebeten, dies in einem Beitrag kritisch zu reflektieren. Im vierten Kapitel wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie und von wem und inwiefern die Geschichte von Wert und Herrschaft anders erzählt werden kann, was sie daran hindert und worin gleichwohl ein utopischer Funke besteht.
Leftovers lovers vs. haters : a latent class analysis on dinner leftover management behaviours
(2023)
Leftovers are particularly at risk of being discarded, and therefore a main component of household food waste. This study provides insights into sources of heterogeneity in leftover management behaviours, with a particular focus on the use of meal kits providing matched portion and ingredient sizes, and identifies consumer segments via a latent class analysis. We investigate whether belonging to a segment with positive attitudes toward leftovers, and engagement in conscious leftover management behaviours decreases the amounts of dinner leftovers and food waste. Besides, we demonstrate that several food waste antecedents, emotions, personal norms, intention and dinner procurement routines elicit leftover management segment membership. In addition to examining such individual differences, we also investigate the role of meal-level determinants, in particular, whether meal kits heterogeneously affect dinner leftovers depending on the consumer's leftover management segment.
Data was collected from 868 households from six countries, using an online survey and diaries. Results of the latent class analysis point towards five consumer segments. We found differences in dinner leftovers amount across classes and detected heterogeneous effects of meal kits. That is, meal kits were able to diminish leftovers in two segments, but not in the other segments. These results provide novel insights into consumer heterogeneity regarding the occurrence, antecedents, and potential solutions of leftovers and resulting household food waste. Implications for both theory and policy are discussed.
Sufficiency
(2023)
Environmental justice
(2023)
"Sustainable Development" can be understood as a widely used discourse that has become even more prominent since the publication of the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in 2015. In this paper we analyze the way sustainable development discourse unfolds within the context of development aid in Germany by undertaking a discourse analysis of reports on development policy published 1973-2017 by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Our analysis reveals that the sustainable development discourse is characterized by distinct components and storylines that change over time. We detect, in general, a shift away from a focus on environmental protection toward an emphasis on the role of the private sector in leading sustainable development. We argue, therefore, that although development is now only legitimate if it is "sustainable", the discourse apparently facilitates the uneven allocation of development aid. The concern that arises here is that although Agenda 2030 pledges to take "bold and transformative steps" to secure the planet and to leave "no one behind" the least developed states who cannot provide "private sector opportunities" or fulfil "national self-responsibilities" for sustainable development are indeed being "left behind".
In einer umkämpften Stadt wird der Anbau von Nahrung zu einem politischen Akt: Anbau, Erwerb von Nahrung und ihre sozialen und umweltbezogenen Qualitätskriterien sind eng verknüpft mit dem "Recht auf Stadt", wie es der französische Soziologe Henri Lefebvre formuliert hat. Anhand verschiedener Dimensionen dieses "Rechts auf Stadt" untersucht Katharina Gröne drei Landwirtschaftsprojekte in Kapstadt/Südafrika - mit Blick auf die kommunikative und die mikropolitische Ebene sozialökologischer Praktiken.
Aufgrund ungleicher sozialräumlicher Entwicklung, Teilhabe und Anerkennung durch die Politik nehmen diese drei Projekte jeweils unterschiedliche Positionen im alternativen Nahrungsmittelnetzwerk Kapstadts ein. Kulturelle Artefakte, Symbole, Logos und Begriffe dienen dabei der Herstellung sozialer Ordnung und eines spezifischen Repräsentationsregimes im politischen Feld. So wird der Anbau von Gemüse zum Austragungsort eines Machtkampfes - und dient der Herstellung kultureller Hegemonie in der städtischen Nachhaltigkeitspolitik.
Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie in Städten Handlungskapazitäten für nachhaltige Transformationen wie den Klimaschutz aufgebaut werden können. Ausgehend von einer Governanceanalyse der InnovationCity Ruhr - Modellstadt Bottrop wird gezeigt, dass über öffentlich-private Kooperationen auch strukturschwache Städte eine ambitionierte klimafreundliche Stadtentwicklung durchführen können. Die Arbeit leistet damit einen Beitrag zur geographischen und governancebezogenen Transformationsforschung und ist ebenfalls für andere Kommunen mit Zielen in den Bereichen Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz relevant.
Deutschlands zirkuläre Zukunft : wie Missionen die Transformation zur Circular Economy beschleunigen
(2023)
Was ist der freiwillige Kohlenstoffmarkt - und welchen Beitrag leistet er für den Klimaschutz?
(2023)
Gasverteilnetze werden stranded assets : der Kampf um die Zurechnung der Restkosten und Verluste
(2023)
Most air-conditioned buildings in India operate as Mixed-Mode Buildings (MMBs), either fully air-conditioned or with natural ventilation depending on the weather. Energy consumption for space cooling is a vital end-use service in buildings. Air-conditioning is expected to increase significantly due to high growth estimates in building construction, sales of Room Air-Conditioners (RACs), and real income growth. Therefore, this thesis examines the most influential design and control parameters that influence the potential of MMBs in India in relation to their thermal and energy performance. The primary features of MMBs analysed in the research project are as follows: shutting windows at night makes night ventilation redundant; natural ventilation through ceiling fans and windows is utilised to maintain optimal thermal conditions in naturally-ventilated mode and RACs are employed in air-conditioned mode. This thesis poses three research questions and aims to answer them. Firstly, what are the research gaps in assessing thermal and energy performance in mixed-mode buildings in India? Secondly, what is their potential concerning key operating conditions, and which parameters affect this potential? Lastly, how can these influential parameters be optimised? To answer these questions, three research methods were employed: 1) literature review; 2) large-scale simulation of building energy performance combined with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; and 3) field studies of user behaviour with regards to RACs and the impact of ceiling fans and RACs on indoor conditions and energy consumption. The study identifies the cooling set point temperature as the most influential control parameter. In general, input parameters related to building design, shape and geometry were considered more important than those related to construction parameters. Furthermore, the study highlights that a set point temperature of 28 or 30°C is sufficient to maintain indoor comfort according to the Indian Model for Adaptive Comfort (IMAC) for residential buildings. If a specific airflow is required, it would use the least energy to run the ceiling fan at a low speed, usually set at 1.
Better integration of climate action and sustainable development can help enhance the ambition of the next nationally determined contributions, as well as implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Governments should use this year as an opportunity to emphasize the links between climate and sustainable development.
Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany's carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks - SMEs' most important financiers - hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany's commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task.
Transformation in der Industrie : Herausforderungen und Lösungen für erneuerbare Prozesswärme
(2023)
Familie und Generationen
(2023)
Den Strukturwandel ökologisch gestalten : Handreichung für kommunale Entscheidungsträger*innen
(2022)
Enhancing evaluations of future energy-related product policies with the digital product passport
(2022)
Globale Krisen wie der Klimawandel und die Corona-Pandemie machen die Politische Ökologie zu einem unverzichtbaren Forschungsfeld der Zukunft. Die Beiträger*innen des ersten deutschsprachigen Handbuchs zum Thema stellen die hierfür relevanten Theorien vor und zeigen anhand konkreter Konflikte und Kämpfe die Aktualität und den Mehrwert einer politisch-ökologischen Herangehensweise auf. Sie erläutern die zentralen Begriffe, die für Analyse, Kritik und Transformation von gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnissen wichtig sind, und stellen für die Politische Ökologie fruchtbare Methoden und Arbeitsweisen vor. Ein übersichtliches Nachschlagewerk für unübersichtliche Verhältnisse.
A growing number of transformative research practices that redefine the role of science in engaging with local - mostly urban - transformation processes have emerged in recent decades. However, while education is considered a key driver for sustainability transformations, higher education has been slow to develop and implement dedicated, appropriate and effective transformative education programmes and learning modules. In this paper, we present a framework of design principles for transformative learning modules in higher education. These principles are derived from two growing discourses: higher education sustainability learning, and transdisciplinary and transformative research - both of which are centrally anchored in the field of sustainable development and sustainability science. The principles presented provide guidance for course leaders in higher education to create learning modules aimed at enabling students to become engaged in transdisciplinary and transformative research that fosters sustainability transitions in local and urban contexts. We use the Transformative Innovation Lab (TIL) - a learning course developed and tested at two German universities - as an example of how the design principles can be applied. The module, which runs over two semesters, supports Masters students in their process of developing real-world laboratories and exploring urban sustainability transitions through collaborative experimentation with local practice partners. We discuss the factors that enable and limit the implementation of transformative learning modules and outline aspects of the novel roles adopted by lecturers in transformative teaching environments. Moreover, we highlight the need for both institutional change and transformative teaching formats that go beyond transformative research as key for driving universities to take responsibility for collaboratively fostering sustainability transitions in their local contexts.
Welche Auswirkungen hat der Ukrainekrieg auf die Energiepreise und Versorgungssicherheit in Europa?
(2022)
Die nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Transformation von urbanen Räumen ist eine akute Herausforderung. In den letzten Jahren haben koproduktive, experimentelle, transdisziplinäre und häufig informelle Stadtwandelprojekte als Such- und Lösungsräume hohe Sichtbarkeit erlangt. Schlüsselakteure hierfür stellen - so die These - Verwaltungsvertreter:innen einer integrierten Stadtentwicklung und -planung, Wissenschaftler:innen einer transformativen Forschung sowie zivilgesellschaftliche Stadtmacher:innen dar. Die Autor:innen, verankert in diesen drei Gruppen, kritisieren die häufig nur situative Zusammenarbeit dieser drei Akteursgruppen. Ein Modell der Zusammenarbeit im Spannungsfeld zwischen Gemeinsamkeiten, jeweiligen Potentialen und herausfordernden Eigenlogiken der Akteurssysteme wird entwickelt. Darauf aufbauend wird vorgestellt, wie durch strategischen Trialog und reflexive Lernprozesse die Zusammenarbeit verbessert und die Wirksamkeit koproduktiven und experimentellen Stadtwandels erhöht werden kann.
Food production is responsible for approximately 17% of Germany's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. After retail, out-of-home catering is the second largest food sales channel in Germany. A variety of means on both the supply and demand side are necessary to stimulate, facilitate and encourage a more sustainable development and minimise GHG emissions in this sector. Nudges are one of these. This paper's focus lies on the demand side. Set in real-world laboratories, we use a standardised empirical approach to compare different nudging interventions belonging to the area of physical environment and consumers’ choice making process. We compare the effects of the same intervention across different settings and the effect of different, sequential nudging interventions in the same setting. Data was collected in eight workplace and school cafeterias in Germany over two project iterations (2016/2017; 2019/2020). A similar intervention design was applied. Comparability was assured by a harmonised menu. The first project iteration revealed that only one nudge (top menu position, +22.5%) led to significant increases in sustainable food choices, while results from the second iteration showed that all nudge interventions (best counter position, +11.6%; top menu position, +6,9%; label plus information, +15.9%) positively influenced consumer choice. Possible explanations such as the stricter compliance to the experimental design in the cafeterias but also societal developments such as the appearance of the Fridays for Future movement are discussed. As results vary between specific locations and settings, our findings suggest that nudges need to be adjusted to situational conditions for achieving highest efficacy.
This article enriches the existing literature on the importance and role of the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in renewable energy sources research by providing a novel approach to instigating the future research agenda in this field. Employing a series of in-depth interviews, deliberative focus group workshops and a systematic horizon scanning process, which utilised the expert knowledge of 85 researchers from the field with diverse disciplinary backgrounds and expertise, the paper develops a set of 100 priority questions for future research within SSH scholarship on renewable energy sources. These questions were aggregated into four main directions: (i) deep transformations and connections to the broader economic system (i.e. radical ways of (re)arranging socio-technical, political and economic relations), (ii) cultural and geographical diversity (i.e. contextual cultural, historical, political and socio-economic factors influencing citizen support for energy transitions), (iii) complexifying energy governance (i.e. understanding energy systems from a systems dynamics perspective) and (iv) shifting from instrumental acceptance to value-based objectives (i.e. public support for energy transitions as a normative notion linked to trust-building and citizen engagement). While this agenda is not intended to be—and cannot be—exhaustive or exclusive, we argue that it advances the understanding of SSH research on renewable energy sources and may have important value in the prioritisation of SSH themes needed to enrich dialogues between policymakers, funding institutions and researchers. SSH scholarship should not be treated as instrumental to other research on renewable energy but as intrinsic and of the same hierarchical importance.
Bis 1990 verlief durch den Schaalsee die deutsch-deutsche Grenze. 2021 treffen sich dort Menschen aus dem Osten und aus dem Westen, aus der Stadt und vom Land. Sie arbeiten heute schon für ein gutes Leben in und mit der Natur, und sie erzählen von einem anderen Morgen.
MORGEN werden Lebensmittel wertvoll sein, wenn ihre Herstellung die Bodenfruchtbarkeit erhöht und das Wasser schützt. Davon können auch kleine Initiativen und Betriebe gut leben. Sie werden von einer Verwaltung unterstützt, die sich in der ökologischen Landwirtschaft gut auskennt. All das wird möglich, weil die Politik sich etwas traut.
MORGEN wird der Wald vielfältig sein und kann sich selbst verjüngen. Denn er muss nicht mehr liefern, was Handwerk und Industrie brauchen, weil diese nun nehmen wollen, was der Wald kann. Die Politik hat verstanden, dass Wald in Verbindung mit Boden und Wasser ein elementares Gut ist.
MORGEN werden die kleinen Energiewenden einfach zu verwirklichen sein. Neben klugen Kopplungen und Netzen gibt es regionale Eigenversorgung, und die mit der Herstellung von Strom und Wärme verbundene Wertschöpfung kommt den Gemeinden und Kommunen zugute.
Die vielen kleinen Transformationen brauchen eine große Transformation - für eine friedliche, nachhaltige west-östliche Zukunft.
Bewegende Energie - das charakterisiert den beruflichen und akademischen Lebensweg von Peter Hennicke. Seine bis heute andauernde Arbeit zur Energiewende hat vieles in Bewegung gebracht. Er hat den Begriff "Energiewende" zwar nicht erfunden, aber maßgeblich mitgeprägt. Weil ihn dieses Ziel so erfüllt und sein Engagement so voller positiver Energie ist, begeistert und bewegt er die Menschen, die mit ihm zusammenwirken, und häufig auch diejenigen, die seinen Ideen zunächst skeptisch oder kritisch gegenüberstehen.
Die Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Buches stellen wesentliche Ideen und wissenschaftliche Konzepte von Peter Hennicke entlang ihrer beruflichen und wissenschaftlichen Aktivitäten vor. Damit gelingt es ihnen, sowohl 40 Jahre Energiewende und Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit nachzuzeichnen als auch Impulse und eine Agenda für die zweite Phase der Energiewende zu setzen.
Welche Faktoren bedingen Implementationserfolg, auch und gerade über die rechtliche Umsetzung hinaus? Diese Frage wird von der EU-Implementationsforschung bislang nicht zufriedenstellend beantwortet. Fähigkeiten und Kapazitäten sowie Motivationen scheinen aber eine Rolle zu spielen. Die Implementation von EU-Informationsinstrumenten zur Energieeffizienz in Deutschland stellt für die Untersuchung dieser Frage einen idealen Fall dar: Ein gleichzeitig organisatorisch hochkomplexes Feld mit erwartbar geringen Implementationsfähigkeiten trifft auf eine politisch eher nicht-konfrontative Umsetzungsaufgabe mit vermutet guter Motivation. Die Ergebnisse aus den Fallstudien zu Gebäudeenergieausweisen, Energielabels auf Produkten und Energieaudits für große Unternehmen zeigten klar den hohen Erklärungswert des Faktors "Motivation", wohingegen "Fähigkeiten" kein eigenständiger Faktor sind. Mangelnde Fähigkeiten wurden von den Implementierern sehr geschickt adressiert und beseitigt, wenn das notwendig oder wünschenswert war. Dabei wurden alle Fälle von Wirtschaftsinteressen dominiert, aber auch von Europäisierungsmodi im Sinne von hierarchischem Druck, der als mindestens gleichwertiger Faktor neben dem Faktor Motivation steht.
In this thesis, the systematic, situation-oriented selection of approaches to sustainability assessment and effects of selection on assessment results are investigated. The central focus lies on the practice-oriented design of a framework to support selection decisions as well as the necessary criteria and scales for the systematic, quantifiable description of assessment approaches and assessment situations within such a framework. Sustainability assessments are important instruments for the derivation of goals, strategies and measures for shaping sustainable development in all domains. They provide decision-makers in science, industry, politics and society with vital answers to sustainability-related questions that arise in the most diverse contexts. Numerous different assessment approaches are available for carrying out sustainability assessments within such assessment situations. Because of the multitude and diversity of assessment situations and approaches, not every approach is fitting for every situation. In current practice, the fit between approaches and assessment situations is not, or only insufficiently, taken into account when selecting sustainability assessment approaches. Furthermore, no systematic studies have yet been conducted on the effects of approach selection on assessment results. The central result of this work is a concept for the situation-oriented selection support of sustainability assessment approaches based on a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework. With the framework, "fitness scores" are calculated, which are used to quantify and operationalize the fit between assessment approaches and assessment situations. With the developed concept, different assessment approaches are selected and exemplarily applied within a use case. Hereby, the effects of approach selection on assessment results are examined. On the basis of the knowledge gained with regard to approach selection, framework development and application, the potentials and limits of assessment approaches widely fitting for diverse assessment situations are finally derived.
With increasing world population and an unsettling resource scarcity in the back, sustainble consumption has moved to the foreground of political, economical and social discussions. One major school-of-thought is Circular Economy (CE), an approach summarizing various sustainable consumption activites under one roof. However, quantitative studies on the consumer are rare, yet crucial for a transfer from linear to circular consumption. This dissertation adds to literature by providing pioneer insights into consumer behavior in CE as an overarching concept, instead limiting research on singular subconcepts. Namely, four consumer activities are studied: recycling, upcycling, renting and sharing. In order to identify relevant insights for both academics and practitioners in CE, the research question ("what drives participation in CE?") is broken down into sub-hypotheses, which are addressed by three empirical studies. Using the SOR-Model (adaption Belk 1975) as overarching logic, the three studies deal with (1) the consumer (and their motivation) and situational stimuli (both (2) offline and (3) online). Respectively, three data sets are consulted to assess the sub-hypotheses and to identify overarching insights on how to accelerate consumer participation in CE, The research methodology employed ranges from a structured equation model (SEM), a random allocation field experiment during Fashion Week in Berlin to a discrete-choice model with best-worst scaling. The dissertation succeeds in revealing that (1) different activities in CE can be summarized in one latent variable, proving CE as a wholesome concept in consumer-related activities; that (2) Trust has a leveraging effect on participation in CE activities. Further, Trust can be enhanced offline via face-to-face interaction and online via third-party online attributes.; and that (3) experience in CE activities affects perception of online attributes, implying the need for adapted measures when dealing with CE-unexperienced consumers as compared to consumers with prior experience in CE activities.
Klimaneutralität : Optionen für eine ambitionierte Weichenstellung und Umsetzung : Positionspapier
(2021)
Ambition coefficients : aligning baselines for international carbon markets with net zero pathways
(2021)
Zukunftslabore, Küchen und Stadträume : wenn sich Kunst und (Nachhaltigkeits-)Wissenschaft begegnen
(2021)
Minderungspfade
(2021)
Aufbruch zur strategischen Autonomie der EU in der Kriegsführung mit Mitteln wirtschaftlichen Zwangs
(2021)
Die geopolitische Situation ist im Umbruch. Wir sind im Übergang zu einer multipolaren Situation, die Hegemonialkonkurrenten organisieren sich in Blöcken. Die Stratifizierung des Raumes der Wirtschaft, "Globalisierung" genannt, verliert ihre Basis, die strikte Trennung von der Politik der Hegemonialkonkurrenten. Wirtschaft wird nun in Dienst genommen für politische Ziele. Das erfordert Aufrüstung in Mitteln der Wirtschaftskriegsführung. China und die USA sind darin weit vorangegangen. Die EU hat entschieden, ihrerseits nachzurüsten, um auf Augenhöhe zu kommen.
Arbeit ist das halbe Leben?! : Über ein neues Statussymbol ; die Zeit und was wir damit anfangen
(2021)
Einzel- und Kleineigentümer aktivieren : strategische Empfehlungen zur Erhöhung der Sanierungsrate
(2021)
Einzel- und Kleineigentümer aktivieren: energetische Sanierung - was motiviert Eigenheimbesitzer?
(2021)
Die Transformation des Wirtschaftens, wie sie der Green New Deal vorsieht, steht vor einem vierfachen Risiko: Dies bezieht sich auf die Transformationstiefe, den wissenschaftlichen und politischen Androzentrismus, die Gender-Mainstreaming-Gebote und die nötige Effektivität und Akzeptabilität der Transformation. Die hier dargelegte These ist, dass es unverzichtbar ist, im Transformations-Konzept selbst die strukturellen Ursachen von Ungleichheiten geschlechtergerechtigkeitswirksam zu adressieren. Wie am Beispiel der Verkehrswende gezeigt wird, ist dies die Voraussetzung dafür, ökonomisch-sozial-ökologische Zusammenhänge zu erkennen und die Klima-, Ressourcen- und ökonomischen Krisen entsprechend politisieren zu können.
Kunststoffverpackungen im geschlossenen Kreislauf : Potenziale, Bedingungen, Herausforderungen
(2021)
Divers ist besser
(2021)
Since the middle of the 20th century, human society experiences a "Great Acceleration" manifesting in historically remarkable growth rates that create severe sustainability problems. The globally exploding potentials of information and knowledge exchange have been and are vital drivers for this acceleration. Society has now come to the point that it requires a "Great Transformation" towards sustainability to ensure the viability of the planet for a vital society. The energy transition plays a central role for this transformation. In this context, human society has developed a comparably good understanding of the necessary infrastructural changes of this transition. For transforming the patterns of energy production and use in an energy transition as part of the "Great Transformation", this process of change now needs to strengthen its focus on information, communication, and knowledge systems. Human society needs to establish a knowledge system that has the potential to create usable knowledge for sustainability solutions. This requires organizing a communication system that is sufficiently complex, interconnected, and, at the same time, efficient for integrating reflexive, open-ended, inter- and transdisciplinary learning, evaluation, and knowledge co-production processes across multiple levels. This challenge opens a wide field of research.
This cumulative dissertation contributes to research in this direction by applying a systemic sustainability perspective on the content and organization of communication in the field of research on sustainable energy and the operational level of municipal climate action as part of the energy transition. Regarding sustainability, this thesis uses strong sustainability and its principles as a frame for evaluating the content of communication. Regarding the systemic perspective, the thesis particularly relies on the following theories: (i) the human-environment system model by R. Scholz as an overarching framework regarding interactions between humans and nature, (ii) social systems theory by N. Luhmann to reflect the complexity of society, (iii) knowledge management to consider the human character of knowledge and a practice-oriented perspective, and (iv) management cybernetics, in particular, the Viable System Model by S. Beer as a framework to analyze and assess organizational structures. Furthermore, the thesis leverages the potential of text mining as a method to identify and visualize patterns in texts that reflect prevalent paradigms in communication.
The thesis applies the above conceptual and methodological basis in three case studies. Case Study 1 investigates the measures proposed in 16 municipal climate action plans of regional centers in Lower Saxony, Germany. It uses a text mining approach in the form of an Summary interpretation network analysis. It analyzes how different societal subsystems are connected at the semantic level and to what extent sustainability principles can be recognized. Case Study 2 analyzes and reflects paradigms and discursive network structures in international scientific publications on sustainable energy. The study investigates 26533 abstracts published from 1990 to 2016 using a text mining approach, in particular topic modeling via latent Dirichlet allocation. Case Study 3 turns again to the cases of municipal climate action in Lower Saxony examined in Case Study 1. It examines the involvement of climate action managers of these cities in multilevel knowledge processes. Using design principles for knowledge systems, it evaluates to what extent knowledge is managed in this field across levels for supporting the energy transition and to what extent local innovation potential is leveraged or supported.
The three case studies show that international research on sustainable energy and municipal climate action in Germany provide promising contributions to achieve a transformation towards sustainability but do not fully reflect the complexity of society and still support a growth paradigm, in contrast to a holistic sustainability paradigm. Further, the case studies show that research and local action are actively engaging with the diversity of energy technologies but are lagging in dealing with the socio-epistemic (communication) system, especially with regard to achieving cohesion. Using the example of German municipalities, Case Studies 1 and 3 highlight the challenges of achieving coherent local action for sustainability and bottom-up organizational learning due to incomplete or uncoordinated multilevel knowledge exchange. At the same time, the studies also point out opportunities for supporting the required coherent multilevel learning processes based on local knowledge. This can be achieved, for instance, by strengthening the coordinating role of intermediary organizational units or establishing closer interactions between the local operational units and the national level.
The thesis interprets and synthesizes the results of the three case studies from its systemic sustainability perspective. On this basis, it provides several generalized recommendations that should be followed for establishing viable communication systems, especially but not exclusively in policy-making:
Systemic holism: Consider matter, energy, and information flows as an integrated triplet in the context of scales, structures, and time in the various subsystems. Knowledge society: Focus on the socio-epistemic (communication) system, e.g., using the perspective of knowledge systems and associated design principles considering, for instance, working environments across horizontal and vertical levels, knowledge forms and types, and knowledge processes. Sufficiency communication: Emphasize sufficiency approaches, make it attractive, and find differentiated ways for communicating them. Multilevel cohesion and innovation: Achieve cohesion between the local and higher levels and leverage local innovations while avoiding isolated local action. Organizational interface design: Define the role of organizational units by the interactions they create at the interfaces with and between societal subsystems. Local transdisciplinarity: Support local transdisciplinary approaches integrating various subsystems, especially industry, while coordinating these approaches from a higher level for leveraging local innovation. Digital public system: Exploit existing digital technologies or infrastructures in the public system and recognize the value of data in the public sphere for achieving cohesion. Beyond the above recommendations, this thesis suggests that potential for further research lies in: Advancing nature-inspired systemic frameworks. Understanding the structure and creation of human knowledge. Developing text mining methodologies towards solution-oriented approaches.
In the Paris Accord to the UN Climate Change Conference COP21 in 2015, the international community agreed to "make every effort" to reach a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to limit global average temperature rise to preferably 1.5°C by 2100 (UNFCC 2018). A transition to a climate-friendly energy supply, however, would come largely at the expense of coal - a fossil fuel with large global reserves that are also widely dispersed regionally. Therefore, especially since the turn of the millennium, the question has been raised as to how coal could be used in a climate-friendly way in the future. So far, the only way to do this is to apply CCS technology or CCU. CCS involves the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants or industrial sources and its storage underground, such as in deep saline aquifers or in depleted oil and natural gas fields, or their use for enhanced oil or gas recovery (EOR/EGR). When carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) is applied, the CO2 is further used, for example as feedstock for the production of durable plastics. Due to the relatively low potential of CCU compared to CCS (IPCC 2005), only CCS is considered in this thesis.
The majority of studies and roadmaps have discussed CCS as a technology option that could make a significant contribution to achieving the objective of decreasing GHG emissions for many years (IPCC 2014a, 2018). Particularly in the power sector, however, these expectations have not yet been met. As of November 2019, worldwide only two small base-load power plants, capturing a total of 2.4 Mt CO2/year and mainly using it for EOR, are in operation, together with a few pilots in industrial applications and, in particular, natural gas processing (in total 30 Mt CO2/year) (Global CCS Institute 2019).
Early on, it became clear that the predicted high deployment targets and their underlying studies should be critically questioned for various reasons. Particularly due to the lack of a systems-analytical evaluation of this technology (which was relatively new at the time), no reliable answers could be given about the ecological, economic, social and structural effects of its large-scale application. Such analyses are, however, a pre-condition for comprehensively classifying the contribution of a new technology as a promising option for a sustainable energy supply system and assessing it in comparison to other technologies.
To address these challenges, several studies, most of which initiated by the author, were conducted on this topic between 2004 and 2018. The resulting papers became the basis for this thesis.
Climate change is a transformation challenge. It requires the transformation of a patchwork of independent socio-technical systems. These complex systems have their own specific challenges and path dependencies. Lukas Hermwille introduces a perspective on socio-technical complexity to the study of global climate governance and asks what governance arrangements on the international level, in particular the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement, can offer to facilitate and foster the required transformational change. His work shows the importance of the discursive power of global climate governance, shifting the expectations and visions of the future of key actors and, as a corollary, changing their investment decisions of today towards a more sustainable future.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human mobility via lockdowns, social distancing rules, home quarantines, and the full or partial suspension of transportation. Evidence-based policy recommendations are urgently needed to ensure that transport systems have resilience to future pandemic outbreaks, particularly within Global South megacities where demand for public transport is high and reduced access can exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. This study focuses on Metro Manila - a characteristic megacity that experienced one of the most stringent lockdowns worldwide. It analyzes aggregated cell phone and GPS data from Google and Apple that provide a comprehensive representation of mobility behavior before and during the lockdown. While significant decreases are observed for all transport modes, public transport experienced the largest drop (-74.5 %, on average). The study demonstrates that: (i) those most reliant on public transport were disproportionately affected by lockdowns; (ii) public transport was unable to fulfil its role as public service; and, (iii) this drove a paradigm shift towards active mobility. Moving forwards, in the short-term policymakers must promote active mobility and prioritize public transport to reduce unequal access to transport. Longer-term, policymakers must leverage the increased active transport to encourage modal shift via infrastructure investment, and better utilize big data to support decision-making.
Elektro- und Elektronikaltgeräte zählen zu den am schnellsten wachsenden Abfallströmen in Europa. Reparatur und Wiederverwendung können durch eine Verlängerung der Produktnutzungsdauer dazu beitragen, dass weniger Abfall entsorgt werden muss und Ressourcen durch die Vermeidung von Neuproduktion eingespart werden. In der Europäischen Abfallrahmenrichtlinie (2008/98/EG) wird der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung" ein hoher Stellenwert eingeräumt; die Abfallvermeidung hat, gefolgt von der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung", eindeutig Priorität gegenüber dem Recycling. Die Abfallhierarchie verspricht zwar implizit ökologische Vorteile der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung", allerdings wurden die institutionell-ökologischen Zusammenhänge des Konzepts in der Forschungsdebatte bislang vernachlässigt. Somit sind die tatsächlichen Ressourceneinsparpotenziale der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung" noch weitgehend unerforscht. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt das Dissertationsprojekt darauf ab, ein Verständnis dafür zu entwickeln, wie spezifische Kontexte (beispielsweise die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, ökonomische oder informatorische Aspekte) die "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung" von Produkten aus der Ressourcenperspektive beeinflussen. Dafür wurden die institutionell-ökologischen Zusammenhänge der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung" integrativ betrachtet, und zwar mit Fokus auf ausgewählte Geräte - Flachbildmonitore (FlaMo's), Kaffeefiltermaschinen (KaFil's), Kaffeepadmaschinen (Ka-Pad's), Lautsprecherboxen (LauS) und Waschmaschinen (WaMa's) - und im Sinne einer vergleichenden Analyse von zwei abfallstrukturell-charakteristischen Regionen - Flandern und Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die interdisziplinäre Fragestellung der Arbeit erforderte die Anwendung qualitativer Methoden für die tiefgründige Untersuchung der "Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung" in den verschiedenen institutionellen Systemen, aber auch quantitative Methoden im Hinblick auf die zahlenmäßige Bewertung der Ressourceneinsparpotenziale. Zentrale Datenerhebungsinstrumente waren fallbeispielbezogene öffentliche Dokumente und Webseiten, die Analyse betriebsinterner Dokumentationen, Literaturauswertungen, Stichprobenerhebungen, Beobachtungen und Experteninterviews.
Kommunaler Klimaschutz ist eine Gemeinschaftsaufgabe für Städte und Gemeinden und in den Kommunalverwaltungen eine Querschnittsaufgabe. Zur Bewältigung dieser Aufgabe müssen für die Kompetenzen weiter aufgebaut sowie Zusammenhänge verdeutlicht werden müssen.
Verwaltungshandeln kann bei entsprechender Ausrichtung besonders wirkungsvoll sein und zivilgesellschaftliche sowie kommunalpolitische Anforderungen an eine aktive Klimaschutzgemeinde durch eine fachlich fundierte und fantasievolle Gestaltung mit Leben füllen.
Ausweg aus dem Einweg? : Auswirkungen der Coronakrise auf das Verpackungsaufkommen in Deutschland
(2020)
There is urgent need to change the way we make use of non-renewable resources, especially metals, to sustain their availability for vital technologies associated with achieving change towards sustainability, but also to minimize negative impacts and to achieve a fair distribution of the wealth and burdens associated with their production and use. Especially public actors (state governments and administrations) have recently formulated strategies as a means to guide action fostering these goals. Yet, these strategies are very different in their character, which makes it difficult to compare them and learn how to best design strategies for a given context to contribute to the necessary change. To approach this question, we analyzed 37 national mineral resource-related strategy documents worldwide concerning their contextual conditions, motivation, and objectives. Following the general inputs for transition strategies (current and target state, transition strategy), we identified four clusters of strategy documents that share similarities in their approaches and support the development of specific recommendations for future strategy design in terms of both content and process. Designing strategies with a clear structure that interlinks a systems-based description of the current state, a clear vision (oriented at sustainability principles) and a sufficiently differentiated but at the same time flexible transition pathway improves their potential to contribute to more sustainable metal production and use.
Effectiveness and efficiency of food-waste prevention policies, circular economy, and food industry
(2020)
Während Fragen der Wertbildung meist als ökonomische behandelt werden, wird in diesem Beitrag der Prozess der Wertbildung politisch und ökonomisch verstanden. Ein Prozess, der von Herrschaft geprägt und doppelseitig ist: Bewertung ist mit Entwertung ebenso verbunden wie die Eingrenzung der Einen mit der Ausgrenzung der Anderen. Diesen Mechanismus nennen wir "Externalisierung als Prinzip". Die politik- und wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Konstruktion des externalisierenden Prinzips und die Herrschaftsformen seiner auch gewaltsamen Durchsetzung werden ideen- und theoriegeschichtlich bearbeitet. Feministische Analysen der klassischen Vertragstheorien und der Politischen Ökonomie zeigen: Die bürgerliche Gesellschaft und ihre Ökonomie werden durch Trennungen geprägt. Das wertvolle Dazugehörige ist angewiesen auf das als wertlos Ausgegrenzte. Es wird deutlich, dass die Geschichte mit der klassischen politischen und ökonomischen Theorie nicht zu Ende ist, sondern dass bis heute herrschaftsförmige Be- und Entwertungen als Mittel zur Krisenbewältigung eingesetzt werden.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Siedlungsabfallsortierung als Wegbereiter der Kreislaufwirtschaft
(2020)
Seit den Protesten rund um den Bau des Bahnprojekts Stuttgart 21 werden Politik und Verwaltung auf kommunaler Ebene mit beständig stärker werdenden Beteiligungswünschen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger konfrontiert. Aber auch in der internationalen Partizipationsforschung taucht der Begriff der Bürgerbeteiligung in den letzten zehn bis 15 Jahren immer beharrlicher auf. In direkter Reaktion hierauf befasst sich die Stadt Heidelberg, als eine der ersten Kommunen deutschlandweit, seit dem Jahr 2010 intensiv mit der Beteiligung ihrer Bürgerinnen und Bürger am politischen Entscheidungsfindungsprozess. Die deutschsprachige Forschung allerdings konzentriert sich lediglich auf die inhaltliche Ausgestaltung von Bürgerbeteiligung anhand einer Vielzahl an Handbüchern, Checklisten und Leitlinien für die kommunale Praxis. Wissenschaftliche Überlegungen zu deren Wirksamkeit werden so gut wie gar nicht angestellt. Die vorliegende Dissertation geht aufgrund dessen anhand einer quantitativen Datenanalyse der Fragestellung nach, welchen Grad an Effektivität Bürgerbeteiligung in der Stadt Heidelberg innehat. Der Autor entwickelt hierfür zuerst eine an Benjamin Barbers (1994) starker Demokratie orientierte normative Definition von Bürgerbeteiligung. Anschließend werden, bezugnehmend auf die Publikationen von Archon Fung (2003) sowie Lyn Carson und Phillip Hart (2005), Beurteilungsdimensionen effektiver Bürgerbeteiligung (Empowerment, Efficacy, Inclusion und Quality) entworfen. Darauf aufbauend konstruiert der Autor ein empirisches Messmodell, welches im letzten Teil der Arbeit anhand von Primär- und Sekundärdaten auf die Stadt Heidelberg angewandt wird. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit zeigt sich unter anderem, dass die Effektivität von Partizipationsverfahren von vielen unterschiedlichen Einflussfaktoren und Parametern abhängig ist, die nicht alle einer Messung zugeführt werden können. Zudem wird deutlich, dass Kommunen vorrangig bei den Beurteilungsdimensionen Inclusion und Quality ansetzen müssen, um die Wirksamkeit von Bürgerbeteiligung zu erhöhen. Beispielsweise durch den Partizipationsprozess begleitende Maßnahmen wie eine aleatorische Teilnehmerauswahl oder die Zahlung von Aufwandsentschädigungen. Der Autor kommt abschließend zu der Überzeugung, dass die Kombination aus normativen und quantitativen Untersuchungen das Verständnis von Bürgerbeteiligung auf kommunaler Ebene erheblich verbessern wird.
Environment
(2019)
One world
(2019)
A policy mix for resource efficiency in the EU : key instruments, challenges and research needs
(2019)
Against the background of an often wasteful use of natural resources, the European Union has made resource efficiency a top policy priority. Policy formulation is, however, at a very early stage in many Member States, with often vague notions of what resource efficiency means, characterised by fragmented instruments and overlapping competencies. This paper develops a conceptual framework for defining, assessing and developing resource efficiency policy mixes. It argues that a mix of policies and instruments is best suited to overcoming the complex challenges of the 21st Century. Such a mix addresses multiple resource domains at a strategic, high level and contains interacting instruments targeting multiple actors, levels of governance and sectors and life-cycle stages of resource use. This paper looks at criteria for effective resource efficiency policy instruments, presents both an indicative policy mix across 9 policy domains and case studies (on environmental harmful subsidies, supply chain efficiency in food systems and product-service systems) and identifies key challenges to overcome trade-offs in instrument design, maximise synergies, reduce conflicts, promote coherence, coordinate activities and move from theory to practice. Research needs are discussed regarding who shall devise, implement, and coordinate such a policy mix, considering negotiating power, timing and complexity.
Sustainable Urban Mobility Pathways examines how sustainable urban mobility solutions contribute to achieving worldwide sustainable development and global climate change targets, while also identifying barriers to implementation and strategies to overcome them. Building on city-to-city cooperation experiences in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America, the book examines key challenges in the context of the Paris Agreement, UN Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda, including policies needed to achieve a sustainable, low-carbon pathway for transport and how an integrated policy strategy is designed to provide a basis for political coalitions.
The book explores which institutional framework creates sufficient political stability and continuity to foster the take-up of and long-term support for sustainable transport strategies. The linkages of climate change and wider sustainable development objectives are covered, including success stories, best practices, and quantitative analysis for key emerging economies in public transport, walking, cycling, freight and logistics, vehicle technology and fuels, urban planning and integration, and national framework policies.
Zukunft ist keine Tatsache, die sich einstellt, sie wird imaginiert, ermöglicht, durchgesetzt. Doch während das Ringen um eine lebenswerte Zukunft die visionäre Verständigung der Vielfalt der Verschiedenen, mitunter Fremden braucht, drückt eine ökonomisch beförderte Fantasielosigkeit der Gegenwart zunehmend die Luft ab.
Bestimmte Wissenschaften hingegen, die der Fantasie Futter geben, was warum wie wo noch möglich ist, können einen visionären und reflektierten Boden für ein lebenswertes Zusammenleben schaffen. Solche Wissenschaften sind "Möglichkeitswissenschaften" (Reinhard Pfriem).
Dieses Buch versammelt zur Feier des 70. Geburtstages von Reinhard Pfriem fachübergreifende Erkundungen dazu, was es heißen kann, Ökonomie mit Möglichkeitssinn zu betreiben.
Enhancing cross-functional integration in new product development becomes increasingly important for industrial players to keep up with shorter product life cycles in technological innovation dynamics. Abundant research reflects the topic's significance, yet ambiguity in empirical results persists and industrial adoption of existing methods remains incremental. This thesis employs a qualitative approach to build a case study at the design-manufacturing interface of new product development of electrified cars. Cross-functional coopetition, as the joint occurrence of cooperation and competition, is adopted to generate an in-depth understanding of integration dynamics. Socio-organizational and contextual aspects are found to shape integration in a new product development context substantially. A model of interface dynamics is developed which provides for analysis and prediction of these aspects' impact on effective integration. A grounded theory approach to enhance integration is explored that introduces constraints as stimuli to consider manufacturability aspects in the design process. Constraint introduction is found to positively impact both cross-functional integration and creativity, with eight characteristics of constraint quality identified as moderating factors. A theoretical model is contributed which outlines cause-effect relationships of constraints' impact on antecedents of new product development success. It substantiates constraints' role in innovation contexts and encourages application for design-manufacturing integration as well as for other interfaces or purposes.
Um die Klimaschutzziele der Bundesregierung zu erreichen sind im Rahmen der Energiewende die CO2-Emissionen besonders in den Sektoren Strom und Wärme durch geeignete Maßnahmen zu reduzieren. Aus diesem Grund liegt der Fokus auf einer Steigerung des Anteils regenerativer, CO2-freier Erzeugungsanlagen an der Energieversorgung. Kann man im Stromsektor bereits auf ein beachtliches Wachstum des Anteils erneuerbarer Energien in der Erzeugung zurückblicken, so stagnieren die Werte im Wärmebereich, obwohl dieser ein hohes Einsparpotenzial aufweist.
Zur Aktivierung der Wärmewende ist eine Vielzahl an Maßnahmen von Nöten. Eine Möglichkeit, erneuerbare Wärme in die Wärmeversorgung dicht besiedelter Stadtgebiete zu integrieren, stellen Wärmenetze dar. Die verlustarme Verteilung über weite Strecken ermöglicht eine verbrauchsferne Erzeugung, wodurch auch Gebiete ohne verfügbare Flächen beispielsweise mit solarthermischer Wärme versorgt werden können. Des Weiteren vereinfachen Wärmenetze die Kopplung der Sektoren Strom und Wärme, da sie durch die Brennstoff- und Erzeugungstechnologieoffenheit verstärkt durch Wärme aus Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlagen (KWK) und Power-to-heat-Systeme gespeist werden können. Die fluktuierende, nichtregelbare Erzeugung und Einspeisung erneuerbarer Energien stellt die Netzbetreiber allerdings vor neue Herausforderungen zur Sicherstellung eines stabilen Netzbetriebes.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der vermehrten Einspeisung erneuerbarer Wärme auf alle weiteren Komponenten eines Energiesystems, welches aus Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs- und Speicherungsinfrastruktur besteht. Erneuerbare Wärmeerzeuger, insbesondere Solarthermieanlagen, sind durch eine fluktuierende, dargebotsabhängige Erzeugung charakterisiert. Aus diesem Grund sind der konventionelle Betrieb sowie bei Neubauprojekten die Auslegung der regelbaren KWK-Anlagen dahingehend anzupassen, dass ein möglichst hoher Anteil erneuerbare Wärme in die Versorgung integriert werden kann, ohne dass es zu wirtschaftlichen Einbußen für den Versorger kommt. Ebenso ist ein effizienter und stabiler Netzbetrieb zur Gewährleistung einer kontinuierlichen Versorgungssicherheit von höchster Priorität. Zu diesem Zweck erfolgt im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Erarbeitung von zwei Simulationsprogrammen, mit denen zum einen Wärmenetze verschiedenster Größe und Topologie sowie zum anderen regelbare und regenerative Erzeugungsanlagen sowie alle weiteren Komponenten eines Energiesystems zur Betriebssimulation abgebildet werden können.
Die Auswahl von drei geeigneten Simulationsszenarien und aussagekräftigen technischen sowie ökonomischen und ökologischen Kennzahlen ermöglicht neben einer umfassenden Bewertung ebenso die Ableitung von Handlungsmaßnahmen, die eine verstärkte Einbindung der Wärmewende in die Energiewende ermöglichen.
The earth as we know it can only continue to exist if humanity finds a way to switch to a sustainable use of energy and resources. This work contributes to the research carried out to achieve this goal by improving the coating of adsorptive materials. These are used in heat transformation and drying processes that allow for efficient temperature and humidity control in buildings. A central component of these adsorptive coatings is the binder that acts as "glue" in the manufacturing of the coating. In this work the methods to evaluate binder performance regarding their thermal stability under the process conditions, their mechanical stability and their influence on the adsorptive properties of the coating were established. The coatings have to meet special requirements due to the thermal stresses and low pressure atmosphere they experience in these applications. A selection of silicone binders was then characterized with the established tests according to these requirements. Additionally a selection of inorganic binders was investigated because they allow for the use of high desorption temperatures and thus a high energy efficiency of the process. Out of these binders Silres® MP50E emerged as the most promising one due to very good adsorptive properties of the coating, its good temperature stability and ease of use. While some of the inorganic binders showed very good adsorptive properties and temperature stability the mechanical stability of all inorganic binders was not sufficient for their use in adsorption heat transformation technology. This is the first time that a broad selection of binders was evaluated with regards to adsorptive coatings and the results published in literature. With a suitable binder identified, the next step was to optimize the coating of the heat exchangers in order to work out how to manufacture the most efficient and powerful heat exchangers. Samples with different coating thicknesses were manufactured in small scale and full scale and their adsorption behavior was characterized. It could be shown for the first time that it is possible to increase energy efficiency by improving the mass ration of adsorber to coating and increase the delivered power at the same time. This was shown for small and full scale samples. It was shown that under the corresponding conditions the heat transfer from the coating layer to the adsorber metal substrate is the limiting step in the process. These results can now be used for the planning and construction of adsorbers. With knowledge of a suitable binder and how to coat efficient, powerful adsorbers, the coating process itself was improved to allow for industrial scale manufacturing. A central point here is the ability to control slurry rheology. Out of many rheology additives those that are suited for the application in adsorption heat transformation were identified and their influence on the slurry rheology thoroughly characterized. Additionally the process of slurry preparation could be simplified for several different adsorbents. Here it was shown that the supersonic deagglomeration step is not necessary to prepare a slurry. Extending the possible coating techniques and in addition to the dip coating process used so far, the spray coating of adsorptive coatings was established for the first time in literature. This process is widely used in the industry and allows for easier plugin into existing coating processes. For the coating of high resolution patterns a proof of concept of the screen printing process was carried out.
Was ist synthetisches Gas?
(2019)
Nun, es könnte wahrscheinlich auch anders sein : Eingriffspunkte einer Möglichkeitswissenschaft
(2019)
Mit "InnovationCity Ruhr - Modellstadt Bottrop" soll ein typisches Stück Ruhrgebiet mit rund 70 000 Einwohnern bis zum Jahr 2020 klimagerecht umgebaut werden. Benjamin Best rekonstruiert den Partizipationsprozess des Projektes, er analysiert seine Begrenzungen und zeigt Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten auf. Die empirische Studie basiert auf qualitativen Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung, auf teilnehmenden Beobachtungen in der Modellstadt und der Teilnahme an ausgewählten Beteiligungsveranstaltungen. Mittels Interviews mit Expertinnen und Experten identifiziert der Autor kulturelle Faktoren, die die Form der Partizipation im Kontext von InnovationCity sowie den Verlauf des Gesamtprojektes bestimmt haben.
The transformation of cities towards sustainable and inclusive development is a key objective of the New Urban Agenda (United Nations 2017). Transport infrastructure is a critical factor in shaping cities, determining the energy intensity of mobility and providing access to essential social and economic opportunities. The sector also plays an important role in global climate change mitigation strategies, as it currently accounts for about 23% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC 2014).
There is substantial potential to improve urban access, air quality, safety and the quality of life in cities along with reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions if an integrated policy approach is applied that combines all intervention areas for transport policy and involves all levels of government. A package that achieves low-carbon transport and fosters sustainable developed includes avoided journeys through compact urban design and shifts to more efficient modes of transport, uptake of improved vehicle and engine performance technologies, low-carbon fuels, investments in related infrastructure, and changes in the built environment. From a governance perspective, all relevant political institutions at the local and national level need to be involved in the coalition building along with key societal actors, such as unions, industry and civil society organisations. Bringing the policy objectives of these actors together with an integrated policy package is a vital step towards a low-carbon, sustainable mobility system.
Policy design and governance are critically interlinked as the ability of institutions to find a political consensus and to maintain policy stability heavily influences the success of measures to shape the transformation pathway towards sustainable mobility. This thesis aims to analyse these linkages and highlight the role of different policy and governance approaches. This analysis builds on transport and urban development research, but takes a transdisciplinary research perspective, building on the Multi-Level-Perspective on sustainability transitions (Geels 2002) and aims to highlight the potential for a consensus oriented policy approach (Lijphard 1999) that builds on co-benefits among key policy objectives and coalitions among key political actors, which leads to the main question for this thesis and the focus areas for the analysis.
This doctoral research is located in the branch of sustainability sciences that has the realisation of sustainable development as its core subject of research. The most broadly accepted notion of sustainable development is that which evolves along the resolutions, declarations, and reports from international processes in the framework of the United Nations (UN). The consensual outputs from such processes feature global-generalised and context-free perspectives. However, implementation requires action at diverse and context-rich local levels as well. Moreover, while in such UN processes national states are the only contractual parties, it is increasingly recognised that other ("nonstate") actors are crucial to sustainability. The research presented here places the attention on bottom-up initiatives that are advancing innovative ways to tackle universal access to clean energy and to strengthen small-scale family farmers. This means, the focus is on bottom-up initiatives advancing local implementation of global sustainability targets, more precisely, targets that make part of the Sustainable Development Goals two and seven (SDG 2 and SDG7). The research asks how such bottom-up initiatives can contribute to the diffusion of sustainability innovations, thereby also contributing to social change.
Fondos autogestionados para la transición agroecológica : el caso de Asproinca, Riosucio, Caldas
(2019)
Die Dekarbonisierung des deutschen Wohngebäudebestandes stellt einen wichtigen Baustein zum Gelingen der Energiewende dar. Politisches Ziel ist ein "nahezu klima-neutraler" Gebäudebestand bis 2050. Trotz Erfolgen in der Vergangenheit und eines umfangreichen Policy-Mix verbleibt die energetische Sanierungstätigkeit sowohl hinichtlich der Sanierungstiefe als auch der Sanierungsbreite unterhalb des politisch geforderten und ökologisch notwendigen Maßes. Die Arbeit widmet sich daher der Frage, unter welchen individuellen und quartiersbezogenen Rahmenbedingungen Immobilieneigentümer energetische Sanierungsmaßnahmen durchführen und wie die energetische Sanierungstätigkeit durch Multi-Level-Governance gesteigert werden kann. Die Analyse erfolgt fallstudienbasiert für die Eigentümergruppe der privaten Kleinvermieter, die rund 37 Prozent des deutschen Wohnungsbestandes bewirtschaften. Anhand eines mixed method-Ansatzes wird zunächst durch problemzentrierte Interviews ein Modell zur Beschreibung des Investitionsentscheidungsprozesses entwickelt, was anschließend durch eine schriftlich-postalische Befragung und ihre regressions-analytische Auswertung bewertet wird. Durch die Triangulation können förderliche und hemmende Einflussfaktoren identifiziert werden. Aufbauend auf den theoretischen Vorüberlegungen sowie den empirischen Ergebnissen werden anschließend politische Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet.
In der Dissertation wird eine Methodik entwickelt, welche die Berechnung des Redispatcheinsatzes im deutschen Übertragungsnetz ermöglicht. Dabei wird die Auswirkungen einer Integration der Flexibilität aus dezentralen Anlagen in das elektrische Energiesystem dargestellt. Durch die Integration von dezentralen Flexibilitäten können geringere Brennstoff- und CO2-Zertifikatskosten bei relativ konstanten CO2-Emissionen erreicht werden. Bei einem Redispatcheinsatz, welcher die Leistungserhöhung aus konventionellen thermischen Kraftwerken weitgehend vermeidet, kann bei der Berücksichtigung dezentraler Flexibilitäten bis zu 99 Prozent der benötigten Redispatcherhöhung aus konventionellen Kraftwerken mit Hilfe dezentraler Alternativen ersetzt werden. Diese Übernahme der Redispatchaufgaben durch dezentrale Anlagen ist allerdings mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Redispatchkosten verbunden.
Research on sustainability transitions has expanded rapidly in the last ten years, diversified in terms of topics and geographical applications, and deepened with respect to theories and methods. This article provides an extensive review and an updated research agenda for the field, classified into nine main themes: understanding transitions; power, agency and politics; governing transitions; civil society, culture and social movements; businesses and industries; transitions in practice and everyday life; geography of transitions; ethical aspects; and methodologies. The review shows that the scope of sustainability transitions research has broadened and connections to established disciplines have grown stronger. At the same time, we see that the grand challenges related to sustainability remain unsolved, calling for continued efforts and an acceleration of ongoing transitions. Transition studies can play a key role in this regard by creating new perspectives, approaches and understanding and helping to move society in the direction of sustainability.
Nowadays, the main impetus to apply additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is the high geometric flexibility of the processes and its ability to produce pilot or small batch series. In contrast, resource and energy intensities are often not considered as constraints, even though the turnout of additive manufacturing is high, at least compared to chip removing processes.
The study at hand analyses the material characteristics and environmental impacts of a hose nozzle as an example of a commercial product of simple geometry. The production routes turning (conventional manufacturing) and laser beam melting (additive manufacturing) are compared to each other in terms of natural resource use, climate change potential and primary energy demand. It is found, that the product shows a lower demand for natural resources when produced via AM, but higher carbon emissions and energy demand when using a steel, that is mainly (80%) produced from high-alloyed steel scrap. However, different case studies during the sensitivity analyses showed that a number of factors highly influence the results: the steel source as well as the source of electricity play a major role in determining the environmental performance of the production routes. The authors also found that other production processes (here cold forging of tubes) might be an eco-friendly alternative to both routes, if feasible from an economic point of view.
In regard to the material characteristics, experimental testing revealed that the material advantages of AM produced hose nozzles (in particular higher yield strength) are reduced after a solution heat treatment is applied to the as-produced material, in order to increase corrosion resistance. However, products that do not require this production step might benefit from the higher yield strength, as a lower wall thickness could be realised.
Um den ungebremst fortschreitenden Klimawandel zu begrenzen, ist eine stufenweise Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems notwendig, die bereits bis zur Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts schon weitgehend erreicht sein muss. Neben Unsicherheiten gehen von der Energiewende gleichzeitig Investitionsimpulse für Innovationen aus, wobei Systeminnovationen eine zentrale Treiberfunktion zur Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems einnehmen.
Diese Arbeit fokussiert die Rolle von Innovationskaskaden in der Energiewende und analysiert die Überführung von Systeminnovationen in strategische Geschäftsmodellinnovationen vor dem Hintergrund der Frage, wie die Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems für Unternehmen der Energiewirtschaft und THG-intensiven Industrie rentabel ausgestaltet werden kann.
Die Dissertation leistet einen substanziellen Beitrag zur Entscheidungsfindung im strategischen (Innovations-)Management für Unternehmen der Energiewirtschaft und der THG-intensiven Sektoren - Bereiche, die von einem erheblichen Transformationsdruck gekennzeichnet sind. Insbesondere für Unternehmen, die bedingt durch den Wandel des Energiesystems großen Herausforderungen gegenüberstehen, leistet diese Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Ableitung neuer, nachhaltiger und ökonomisch tragfähiger Geschäftsmodelle. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Systeminnovationen Power-to-Gas (P2G) und Algae-to-X (A2X). Dabei wird der Begriff Algae-to-X erstmalig in die wissenschaftliche und praktische Diskussion eingeführt und konzeptionell fundiert. Mit einer ganzheitlichen Untersuchung der Innovationsprozesse, den damit verbundenen Chancen, Potenzialen, Unsicherheiten, Hemmnissen und visionären Zukunftsbildern von Power-to-Gas und Algae-to-X werden konkrete Handlungsansätze zur Förderung von Systeminnovationen und der Überführung in Geschäftsmodellinnovationen im window of opportunity der Energiewende herausgearbeitet.
Diese Forschungsarbeit trägt zur Weiterentwicklung der wirtschafts-wissenschaftlichen Theoriebasis in den Disziplinen des strategischen Managements und des strategischen Innovationsmanagements bei: Aufbauend auf einer breiten und tiefgreifenden Analyse bestehender Ansätze wird die Bedeutung von Systeminnovationen und Geschäftsmodellinnovationen herausgestellt und die tragende Rolle des in der Theorie noch relativ jungen Konzepts der Innovationskaskaden für die Umsetzung des systemischen Transformationsprozesses der Energiewende theoretisch fundiert und empirisch gestützt. Hervorzuheben ist, dass die Unsicherheiten, die mit der Entwicklung von tragfähigen Geschäftsmodellinnovationen einhergehen, ökonomisch fundiert sind, in den Beispielen in Abhängigkeit des Neuigkeitsgrades und damit der Entwicklungsstufe der Innovationskaskade aber technologisch (A2X) bzw. regulatorisch (P2G) bedingt sind. Bei der Überführung von Systeminnovationen in strategische Geschäftsmodellinnovationen über die Ableitung von Innovationskaskaden stellt diese Arbeit zwei neue, theoretisch fundierte und empirisch überprüfte innovationsauslösende Stimuli vor: Die systeminduzierten Impulse des system-push und des system-pull.
Responsible consumption and production is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. To achieve this goal the currently high extraction rates of natural resources, that our economy is based on, needs a transformation of the consumption and production system considering technological as well as social change. One of the promising transition approaches is seen in collaborative consumption with its many facets of socio-cultural innovations and fast growing number of participants and businesses. With a decreasing production of goods, due to a utilisation of underutilised assets, these offers might support an absolute reduction of the global resource use. However, a positive environmental effect depends on the setting and the social practices of such sharing offers and is not sustainable or resource efficient generally. Also, resource efficient practices with a low diffusion potential that stick in a niche offer no leverage to achieve sustainable consumption patterns. Thus, this paper describes a mixed method approach to analyse the resource efficiency and diffusion potential of 20 sharing offers in the area of mobility, housing & travel and everyday objects in Germany. Results show that the overall positive environmental connotation of sharing offers cannot be confirmed. We identified five clusters of offers that are all treated to be differently when it comes to deploying the positive potential and avoid unnecessary societal effort to achieve the mentioned Sustainable Development Goal.
Die Städte nutzen den Raum
(2019)
To contribute to a better understanding of consumer food leftovers and to facilitate their reduction in out-of-home settings, our study analyzes the effects of two common intervention strategies for reducing leftovers in a holistic behavioral model. Based on a quasi-experimental baseline-intervention design, we analyzed how the display of information posters and the reduction of portion sizes take an effect on personal, social and environmental determinants in a structural equation model. Applying data from online surveys and observations among 880 guests (503 baseline, 377 intervention) during two weeks in a university canteen, the suggested model allows to assign effects from the two interventions on plate leftovers to specific changes in behavioral determinants. Portion size reductions for target dishes are found to relate to lower levels of plate waste based on conscious perception, represented in smaller portion size ratings. Effects from seeing information posters are found to base on changed personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. However, depending on how an individual reacts to the information (by only making an effort to finish all food or by making an effort and additionally choosing a different dish in the canteen) there are opposite effects on these determinants and consequently also on plate leftovers. Overall, the differentiated results on intervention effects strongly support the benefits of more holistic and in-depth analyses of interventions to reduce plate leftovers and therefore to contribute to more sustainable food consumption in out-of-home settings.
Der Umbau des Bahnhofsbereichs in Wuppertal und die damit verbundene dreijährige Vollsperrung der Hauptverkehrsstraße Bundesstraße 7 wird in dieser Dissertation als ein urbanes Mobilitätslabor genutzt. Darin wird untersucht, wie sich eine Verkehrssystemstörung auf die Resilienz des Systems Stadtverkehr auswirkt. Insgesamt analysiert diese Arbeit die Auswirkung dieser Sperrung auf ein Konglomerat von zusammenhängenden Systemelementen. Die Herangehensweise zur Ermittlung des Gesamtbildes geschieht mit einem Multi-Methoden-Mix. Zu den wichtigsten Ergebnissen zählt, dass die B7-Sperrung trotz anfangs gegenteiliger Befürchtungen zu keinem Verkehrszusammenbruch führte und die Resilienz des Systems Stadtverkehr dafür verantwortlich zu machen ist. Das Nicht-Eintreffen eines Verkehrszusammenbruchs ist bedingt durch die Anpassungs- und Lernfähigkeit, die Robustheit und die Gewöhnung des Systems Stadtverkehr. Die B7-Sperrung war ein Auslöser für die Re-Evaluation des eigenen Mobilitätsverhaltens. Die Auswirkung auf die Luftqualität wird an Hand von Stickstoffdioxid beurteilt. Die Zu- und Abnahmen der NO2-Werte kongruieren mit den Zu- und Abnahmen der Verkehrsstärken. Dies kann darauf hindeuten, dass sowohl die Sperrung als auch die Wiedereröffnung einen Effekt auf die Luftqualität haben könnten. Das Interesse der lokalen Medien ließ parallel zur Eingewöhnung nach. Die Forschungsarbeit zeigt einen in den Verkehrswissenschaften neuartigen Ansatz, Verhaltensbeobachtungen während eines widrigen Ereignisses durchzuführen und messbar zu machen. Mit dieser Arbeit lässt sich belegen, dass nachhaltige Transformationsprozesse im Verkehr im Hinblick auf die Autonutzung gestaltbar sind - eine wichtige Erkenntnis mit hoher Bedeutung für die Raum- und Verkehrsplanung.
Reliably reducing the emissions in the building sector plays a crucial role if the 1.5°C climate target from the Paris Agreement is to be met. The observed trends show a significant increase in building energy use, especially in emerging economies. Counteracting these trends is absolutely essential, especially in the light of urbanisation, population growth and changing lifestyles. In terms of mitigating the climate impact of buildings, ensuring high levels of efficiency (i.e. very low energy needs, especially for heating and cooling) has the greatest potential for saving energy and emissions, and is at the same time the prerequisite for effective use of energy from renewable sources. Clearly defined targets and suitable metrics are essential to enable appropriate design decisions. Implemented projects clearly indicate that quality assured design and construction lead to reliable in-use energy performance. Effective policy packages to address opportunities and challenges are important drivers to support the uptake of state-of-the-art efficiency measures in the urban building sector.
Multiplying mighty Davids? : The influence of energy cooperatives on Germany’s energy transition
(2018)
This book systematically describes and evaluates the impact of energy cooperatives as a key driving force in the German energy transition toward a sustainability-oriented energy sector. Based on a comprehensive survey and three case studies, it provides an instructive overview of the overall dimensions and scope of energy cooperatives in Germany, and of their history, structure and current investment projects. The book not only contributes to the energy policy discourse in Germany, but also highlights the role of energy cooperatives to enable an international readership to explore their potential in other countries. Further, it makes a theoretical contribution toward substantially supplementing actor research in general, and enterprise research in particular, in the field of sustainability transitions science.
Mobilität für morgen
(2018)
Living-Lab-as-a-Service : exploring the market and sustainability offers of living labs in Germany
(2018)
Energy and climate change
(2018)
Energy system optimization models (ESOMs) such as MARKAL/TIMES are used to support energy policy analysis worldwide. ESOMs cover the full life-cycle of fuels from extraction to end-use, including the associated direct emissions. Nevertheless, the life-cycle emissions of energy equipment and infrastructure are not modelled explicitly. This prevents analysis of questions relating to the relative importance of emissions associated with the build-up of infrastructure and other equipment required for decarbonization.
As part of this dissertation, a categorisation of the social costs of electricity supply is suggested. The following three main cost categories are differentiated: plant-level costs, system costs and external costs. Different types of costs are allocated to these categories and are examined and quantified (to the extent possible) for several power generation technologies. The limits of monetizing certain types of costs are also discussed. In a further step, and based on a large number of empirical studies, individual factors that have had a significant influence on the development of plant-level costs in the past, are identified and categorized. Finally, based on an online survey conducted among energy modellers, the dissertation examines to what extent the identified relevant types of costs and cost-influencing factors are taken into account in different types of energy models.
Flexibilitätspotenziale und -perspektiven in einer Rohstoffschmelzanlage für Feuerfestmaterialien
(2018)
Die ersten Stufen der Abfallhierarchie : Abfallvermeidung und Vorbereitung zur Wiederverwendung
(2018)
Vorteil Stadtwerke
(2018)
Design for sustainability
(2018)
Behälterglasherstellung
(2018)
Digitaler Kreislauf
(2018)
Quo vadis voluntary markets? : new Paris Agreement architecture puts business model to the test
(2018)
This thesis justifies and develops a sustainable level of Lifestyle Material Footprint (LMF) as a benchmark for designing sustainable lifestyles. It shows the application of the benchmark in a Household-level Sustainability Transition method and presents a framework for inspiring design solutions towards a Design for One Planet (Df1P).
The thesis shows how the Material Input per unit of Service (MIPS) concept has developed from product orientation to the application to household consumption and from technically-focused measurement into an integral part of methods for designing one-planet lifestyles and supporting solutions. This provides both an advanced application of the concept and its opening to new purposes and users.
The core of the thesis is the suggestion of a sustainable material footprint benchmark of 8 tonnes per person per year as a resource cap target for household consumption in Finland, an 80% (factor 5) reduction from present average. The 8 tonnes benchmark opens the possibility for a target-oriented, planned reduction of LMFs by target-setting, experimenting and up-scaling of sustainable solutions. The method enabled the participating households to perform footprint reductions of 26–54% during the one-month experiment phase. Notable footprint reductions are thus possible even in the short term, which is an important message to other households and other actors in society. Calculating households' LMFs makes visible the structures underlying household consumption and the need for change not only in household consumption but also in the supply of products, services and infrastructure, and thus systemic changes initiated by others than households.
The orientation framework of Df1P suggests measures that could be promoted by means of design, and structures them in a matrix incorporating priority action areas in the fields of housing, nutrition and mobility, and the domains of product design, service design, infrastructure planning and communication design. Mainstreaming sustainable lifestyles will potentially require a new design culture, but at least significant efforts in product design, service design and infrastructure planning as well as in making sustainable solutions attractive to consumers and disrupting existing routines. The more technology and infrastructure can be integrated into this change, the more space will be left for individual diversity in achieving sustainable household consumption. The orientation framework could provide a first step towards Df1P practice by inspiring designers to integrate the recognition of the planetary boundaries into their work.
Considering the role of transport for a 1.5 Degree stabilization pathway and the importance of light-duty vehicle fuel efficiency within that, it is important to understand the key elements of a policy package to shape the energy efficiency of the vehicle fleet. This paper presents an analysis focusing on three types of policy measures: (1) CO2 emission standards for new vehicles, (2) vehicle taxation directly and indirectly based on CO2 emission levels, and (3) fuel taxation. The paper compares the policies in the G20 economies and estimates the financial impact of those policies using the example of a Ford Focus vehicle model. This analysis is a contribution to the assessment of the role of the transport sector in global decarbonisation efforts. The findings of this paper show that only an integrated approach of regulatory and fiscal policy measures can yield substantial efficiency gains in the vehicle fleet and can curb vehicle kilometres travelled by individual motorised transport. Using the illustrative example of one vehicle model, the case study analysis shows that isolated measures, e.g. fuel efficiency regulation without corresponding fuel and vehicle taxes only have minor CO2 emission reduction effects and that policy measures need to be combined in order to achieve substantial emission reduction gains over time. The analysis shows that the highest level of impact is achieved by a combination regulatory and fiscal policies rather than only one policy even if this policy is more aggressive. When estimating the quantitative effect of fuel efficiency standards, vehicle and fuel tax, the analysis shows that substantial gains with regard to CO2 emission are only achieved at a financial impact level above 500 Euros over a four year period.
Previous studies showed that using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a raw material for chemical syntheses may provide an opportunity for achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) savings and a low-carbon economy. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether carbon capture and utilization benefits the environment in terms of resource efficiency. We analyzed the production of methane, methanol, and synthesis gas as basic chemicals and derived polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene as polymers by calculating the output-oriented indicator global warming impact (GWI) and the resource-based indicators raw material input (RMI) and total material requirement (TMR) on a cradle-to-gate basis. As carbon source, we analyzed the capturing of CO2 from air, raw biogas, cement plants, lignite-fired power, and municipal waste incineration plants. Wind power serves as an energy source for hydrogen production. Our data were derived from both industrial processes and process simulations. The results demonstrate that the analyzed CO2-based process chains reduce the amount of GHG emissions in comparison to the conventional ones. At the same time, the CO2-based process chains require an increased amount of (abiotic) resources. This trade-off between decreased GHG emissions and increased resource use is assessed. The decision about whether or not to recycle CO2 into hydrocarbons depends largely on the source and amount of energy used to produce hydrogen.
The growing demand for timber, in particular for renewable energy, increases pressures on global forests and requires a robust monitoring system to ensure sustainability. This article takes a first step toward more systemic monitoring by asking how the global use of forests by EU consumers can be accounted for. Specifically, this article builds on and develops the method of global land use accounting to account for the EU-27's consumption of primary timber between 2002 and 2011 in terms of both volume and forest area. It assesses international trade flows for around 100 commodities and converts them into a volume of primary raw timber based on conversion values. Results reveal that both imports and exports increased over the assessed time period, with primary EU-27 timber estimated to be around 1 m3/cap in 2011. Gaps, uncertainty and a lack of harmonization regarding especially trade data and conversion values are key challenges to further improving the robustness of the method and reliability of results. Future research may focus on improving the method to address in particular recycled and recovered flows as well as the question of whether area or volume is the most appropriate metric for further development of a forest footprint indicator.
The author demonstrates that digital technologies and new mobility concepts can lead to a reduction of the automobiles in urban areas by a factor of 10. The book features two vivid case studies of such digital mobility concepts: TwoGo by SAP and smexx. The author proposes six prototypes of business models for "Shared Automobility Services". Janasz offers also the "Transformative Literacy" for designing sustainable urban mobility systems of the future. The author elaborates on the socio-political patterns of urban mobility by presenting the case of the City of Basel (Switzerland). He proposes the framework of "Integrated Sustainable Urban Mobility" to explain how to overcome car dependence in cities.
Anna Bliesner-Steckmann stellt sich der Frage, wie Bildung respektive Didaktik beschaffen sein muss, damit ein moralisch-nachhaltiges Handeln nicht in eine normative Pädagogik mündet. Die Autorin stellt dazu den selbstaufgeklärten, mündigen Lernenden in den Fokus ihrer Arbeit und weist nach, dass es neben einer lerntheoretischen auch einer handlungstheoretischen Grundlegung auf psychologischer Basis bedarf. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ihrer interdisziplinären Studie ist das entwickelte Prozessmodell zu moralisch-nachhaltigem Urteilen und Handeln, aus welchem sich konkrete Hinweise für die Gestaltung pädagogischer Interventionen ableiten lassen.
This paper reports on a nationwide field survey of managing energy efficiency of buildings under energy performance contracting (EPC) in Chinese building sector. The survey aims at getting insight of Chinese experiences of EPC and survey yielded information on profile, specificity and risk specifications of EPC in Chinese building sector. The key findings are that the existing EPC projects are mainly driven by policies and majority of first parties in EPC are owners of public buildings. The contract specificity is worryingly low, with underspecification prominent in the contract sections of renewal and change of the planned solutions, dispute resolution and compensation for personal and property damage. Insufficient risk specification was a major cause of contract failure and disputing. High risks are observed in not enough feasibility study, delay in completion, operational risks, delay in payment and uninsured loss. Most post EPC projects would be worryingly unsuccessful, given to the facts that many of them have not established their energy team, have no further investment and have no effective maintenance. The Chinese existing emission trading scheme (ETS) offers a vital opportunity for upscaling EPC in building sector and policy framing is needed for linking EPC projects and ETS.
Alexandra Palzkill zeigt in diesem Buch, dass sich moderne Industriegesellschaften in einem massiven Umbruch befinden - ökonomisch, sozial und ökologisch. Expansions- und Fortschrittsversprechen, die die Entwicklung dieser Gesellschaften über viele Jahrzehnte geprägt haben, geraten an ihre Grenzen. Was bedeutet dieser Umbruch für Unternehmen? Was bedeutet er insbesondere für solche Unternehmen, die eine Motor- und Symbolfunktion für das bisherige Fortschrittsmodell innehaben? Welche konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen können Unternehmen in solchen Umbruchsituationen Orientierung für ihr strategisches Managementhandeln geben? Diesen Fragen widmet sich das vorliegende Buch.
Externalisierung 4.0? : Von der wirkmächtigen Erzählung Industrie 4.0 und ihren Schattenseiten
(2018)
Immer mehr Menschen essen regelmäßig außer Haus, eine rasch verfügbare und flexible Ernährung gehört zu unserem modernen Lebensstil mittlerweile einfach dazu. Den Kundinnen und Kunden ist jedoch nicht nur diese Flexibilität wichtig, sondern zunehmend auch eine hohe ökologische und gesundheitliche Qualität der Angebote. Sie wünschen sich attraktive, genussreiche und zugleich nachhaltige Speisen. Und sie wollen darauf vertrauen können, dass ihr Essen entsprechend klar definierter ökologischer und sozialer Anforderungen hergestellt wurde.
Der Schlüssel dazu sind Innovationen im Speisenangebot, bei der Beschaffung, Zubereitung, Kennzeichnung - und bei den Darbietungsformen. Die über 50 Autorinnen und Autoren dieses Buches arbeiten alle in Wissenschaft und Praxis für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung des Ernährungssystems. Hier stellen sie die im Forschungsprojekt NAHGAST und weiteren Projekten erarbeiteten Ansätze für eine nachhaltige Transformation des Außer-Haus-Marktes zur Diskussion.
Das Buch "Nachhaltig außer Haus essen" ist im Rahmen des NAHGAST-Projektes entstanden und wurde vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert.
Social business innovations
(2018)
This research project approached the emergence of social business innovations from the periphery, working towards the core: the first article features the representation of the concept of Social Business City, which was newly implemented by Wiesbaden in 2010. Here, social businesses are to be founded with the help of a network based on both public and private institutions. At the time of conducting the research, three such Social Business Cities existed: Wiesbaden (Germany), Fukuoka (Japan) and Pistoia (Italy); in 2016 Barcelona joined the list of Social Business Cities. The second article analyses the ways in which microfinance organisations that are based on the concept of social business according to Yunus differ from one another. Included in this research was Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, Social Business Women in Germany and Grameen America in the United States. Subsequently, a third article investigates the similarities and differences to be found between social businesses and charities. The research focuses on advantages and disadvantages on both sides and aims at answering the questions: which approach is appropriate under what circumstances and which aspects could be adopted by the other?
Finally, we investigated the various cooperation of the Grameen Group with global players such as Danone, Veolia and Intel in Bangladesh and the particular challenges which result therefrom.
Comprehensive framework on asset management of transportation networks and resilience planning
(2018)
Trump, Populismus, Luxus- und Konsumwahn, Ressourcenverschwendung - die ökologische Transformation befindet sich in der Krise. Kann der Umbau zu einer sozial und ökologisch gerechten Welt noch gelingen? Ja, sagen Uwe Schneidewind und das Team vom Wuppertal Institut. Was es dafür braucht, ist "Zukunftskunst". Damit ist die Fähigkeit gemeint, kulturellen Wandel, kluge Politik, neues Wirtschaften und innovative Technologien miteinander zu verbinden. So werden Energie- und Mobilitätswende, die Ernährungswende oder der nachhaltige Wandel in unseren Städten möglich. Das Buch ermuntert Politik, Zivilgesellschaft, Unternehmen und jeden einzelnen von uns zu Zukunftskünstlern zu werden.
Die Homepage zum Buch befindet sich unter zukunftskunst.de.
Transformatives Forschen - Herausforderungen angewandter Nachhaltigkeitsforschung im Feld Ernährung
(2018)
Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung im Ernährungssektor : eine wichtige Zutat für ressourcenleichten Konsum
(2018)
Erfolgreiche Transformation
(2018)
Wie misst man ein Feuerwerk?
(2018)
Obwohl viele der aktuellen Herausforderungen im Bereich der Energieversorgung eine internationale Dimension haben bzw. nur international gelöst werden können, ist die internationale Energiepolitik bis heute ein weitgehend ungesteuerter Politikbereich. Im letzten Jahrzehnt entwickelten sich zwar neue globale Kooperationsstrukturen und Initiativen, der Weg zu einer multilateralen, globalen Governance-Struktur, die zentrale Impulse für die gemeinsame Etablierung international geltender Normen und Regeln geben könnte, ist aber noch weit. Der Artikel führt in die aktuellen Entwicklungen ein und diskutiert die verbleibenden Herausforderungen.
Optimization and simulation models are fit to work on a multitude of technical, economic, and techno-economic questions. However, they are by now not able to satisfactorily include societal aspects like acceptance, spatial implications and legal frameworks. In order to advance scope and explanatory power of simulation models, collaboration in interdisciplinary research teams is needed. Yet the exchange in such teams and its coordination can prove challenging. Furthermore, disciplinary approaches and methods for simulation and optimization might not be familiar to all participants.
To this end, a new conceptual model is introduced. The conceptual model employs few basic elements and concepts for describing and explaining arbitrary societal and technical relationships. Most notably, the conceptual model is general in its design, so contributions to the problem formulation and design components can be made by all team members regardless of their discipline. The procedure is based on common agent-based concepts without using their terminology. Consequently, an exchange among all team members becomes possible without them necessarily being proficient in agent-based modeling. A reduced presentation of workshop results exemplifies the use of novel elements for deriving an emergent agent-based simulation.
Von Beginn an haben die modernen Wirtschaftswissenschaften gesellschaftliche Prozesse nicht nur beobachtet und beschrieben, sondern diese auch selbst katalysiert und beeinflusst. Damit haben sie einer Entwicklung den Weg gebahnt, die neben unbestrittenen Erfolgen zu ökologischen Zerstörungen, sozialen Verwerfungen und immer wiederkehrenden ökonomischen Krisen geführt hat. Mehr denn je braucht es eine transformative Wirtschaftswissenschaft, die insbesondere die Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft analysiert und verbessern hilft.
Stepping up waste prevention : challenges and opportunities for national waste prevention programmes
(2017)
This paper outlines the key elements of a low-carbon stabilization pathway for land transport, focusing on the potential of key policy measures at the local and national level, opportunities for synergies of sustainable development and climate change objectives, and governance and institutional issues affecting the implementation of measures. It combines several approaches to provide an integrated view on the decarbonization of the transport sector based on recent literature. It will assess the quantitative basis potential climate change mitigation pathways and will then look into policy and institutional aspects that relate to the feasibility of these pathways. This combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to measure the potential, options, and feasibility of climate change mitigation strategies in the transport sector aims to synthesize recent papers on the subject and draw conclusions for future research.
Die MENA-Region steht nicht nur vor erheblichen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen, sondern weist ebenfalls deutlichen Entwicklungsbedarf im Stromsystem auf und erfordert dessen nachhaltige Transformation. Durch einen möglichst hohen regionalen Verbleib der damit anfallenden Wertschöpfung könnten sich Chancen für Technologieausrüster ergeben. Allerdings herrscht im derzeitigen Marktstadium noch immer hohe Unsicherheit inwieweit zukünftig tatsächlich eine Marktentwicklung stattfindet. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt die Entwicklung eines multikriteriellen Bewertungsrahmens für Investitionen in die lokale Produktion, wobei Aspekte der Transition-Forschung Anwendung finden.
How is it possible to increase homeowners' insulation activity? Answering this question is key to successful policies regarding energy-efficient buildings worldwide. In Germany, doubling today's insulation rate of about 1% is an important element for reaching the government's target of an 80% reduction in energy demand in the building sector by 2050.
This thesis uses an agent-based model analysis to improve the understanding of homeowners' insulation activity and to explore new approaches aiming at its increase in Germany. Two agent-based models were developed and utilized. The first model was developed mainly based on insights derived from a structured literature review. The second emerged from the previous one, incorporating the results of an online survey conducted among 275 homeowners.
The results indicate that homeowners' economic means have little influence on their decision to install insulation. Instead, their insulation decision-making is mostly affected by situational factors and their attitudes towards insulation. Situational factors, such as the condition of the building, are important because they initiate homeowners' individual decision-making processes on insulation. The simulation results show that improving homeowners’ attitudes about insulation by providing information has a comparatively low potential for increasing their insulation activity. Out of the policy options this thesis explored, the introduction of an obligation to insulate the walls within one year after change of house ownership was found to have the greatest impact on homeowners' insulation activity.
We present an approach to simulate climate and energy policy for the EU, using a flexible and modular agent-based modelling approach and a toolbox, called the Energy Modelling Laboratory (EMLab). The paper shortly reviews core challenges and approaches for modelling climate and energy policy in light of the energy transition. Afterwards, we present an agent-based model of investment in power generation that has addressed a variety of European energy policy questions. We describe the development of a flexible model core as well as modules on carbon and renewables policies, capacity mechanisms, investment behaviour and representation of intermittent renewables. We present an overview of modelling results, ongoing projects, a case study on current reforms of the EU ETS, and we show their relevance in the EU context.
Partizipative Irritationen : Reflexionen zum nachhaltigkeitsbezogenen Partizipationsgeschehen
(2017)
Die Beteiligungslandschaft wird im Kontext nachhaltiger Entwicklung und in der Perspektive der Politischen Psychologie betrachtet. Ausgangspunkt sind Wechselwirkungen zwischen politisch vermittelter und in Verbindung mit Nachhaltigkeit besonders geforderter Partizipationsnotwendigkeit einerseits und individuell empfundenem Vertrauensverlust in die Fähigkeit der Politik zur Lösung von Umweltproblemen andererseits. Betrachtet werden Partizipationsmotive der Politik (z.B. Steigerung von Legitimität) und Partizipationsmotive von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern (z.B. die "echte" Chance auf Mitentscheidung, insbesondere bei Verfahren mit starkem Regionalbezug). Beide Motive sind eingebettet in eine weitgehend entscheidungsferne "Partizipationsarchitektur". Die Verfahren liegen überwiegend auf einer informativen und auf einer konsultativen Ebene. Auch zeigen sich Diskrepanzen auf der Ebene der politischen Aufforderungen zur Partizipation. Diese erfolgen eher, wenn es um Problemlösungen geht und eher nicht, wenn es um Investitionen und wirtschaftliche Gewinne geht. Intensiv werden partizipative Ansätze im Kontext von Klimaschutz und Energiewende verfolgt. Doch auch diese Partizipationsangebote gehen selten über die informative Ebene hinaus. Inhaltlich sind v.a. technische Lösungsansätze zur Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen fixiert worden, hingegen wurden politische wie soziale Lösungsansätze überwiegend ausgespart. Insgesamt besteht die Gefahr partizipativer Irritationen bis hin zu Erschöpfung, wenn Bürgerinnen und Bürger einerseits zur Beteiligung aufgefordert und aktiviert werden, andererseits aber erfahren, dass sie im politischen Geschehen wenig bewirken können.
The effectiveness of sustainable product and service innovations is often restricted by limited market acceptance or unexpected consumption patterns. The latter includes rebound effects, which occur when resources liberated by savings are used for further consumption. Recently emerging research from the Living Lab is striving to address and anticipate challenges in innovation design by integrating users in prototyping and field testing product and service innovations. The paper presents findings from a literature review on rebound effects and expert interviews identifying methods to monitor and measures to mitigate rebound effects in early innovation design via Living Lab research.
We find that monitoring and mitigating rebound effects in Living Lab research includes technological and behavioural triggers as well as socio-psychological and time use effects in addition to economic re-spending effects. The experts have confirmed that Living Labs contain the potential to observe complex demand systems of users within experimental designs, encompassing indirect rebound effects in terms of expenditure as well as time use. In this respect, Living Lab research can facilitate support for sustainable innovations, which aim to encourage changes in consumer behaviour, considering re-spending and time use effects simultaneously.
A fundamental change in societal values and economic structures is required to address increasing pressures on ecosystems and natural resources. Transition research has developed in the last decades to analyze the co-dynamics of technological, institutional, social and economic elements in the provision of key functions such as energy, water and food supply. This doctoral dissertation provides conceptual and methodological contributions to the pro-active governance of sustainability transitions. Three research gaps are identified that are addressed in this dissertation. First, a comprehensive conceptualization of learning in sustainability transitions is currently missing that comprises learning at multiple societal levels (ranging from individuals to policy-actors). Learning concepts are often not explicitly discussed in transition research even though learning is considered as fundamental for innovation processes, niche formation and development as well as breakthrough and diffusion of innovations. Second, methods for the analysis and design of transition governance processes are lacking that specify case-specific intervention points and roles of actors in the implementation of innovations. Third, participatory modeling approaches are only applied to a limited extent in transition research despite a high potential for supporting communication and learning. The conceptualization of multi-level learning developed in this doctoral research conceptualizes learning at different societal levels as specific learning contexts ranging from individual and group contexts to organizational and policy contexts. The conceptual framework further differentiates between learning processes, intensity, objects, outcomes, subjects and factors, allowing for a more detailed analysis of learning within and across learning contexts. Thus, learning contexts can be linked by processes that involve actors from different learning contexts (e.g., community groups and policy-makers), as well as exchanges of physical aspects, institutions and knowledge (in the form of "learning factors"). This research has also provided a classification of model uses in transition research that supports a purposeful discussion of the opportunities of modeling and promising future research directions. The methodology developed in this doctoral research aims at the analysis and design of transition governance processes by specifying the various opportunities to contribute to sustainability transitions through purposeful action at different societal levels, as well as related roles of stakeholders in implementing such processes of change. The methodology combines different streams of previous research: 1) a participatory modeling approach to identify problem perceptions, case-specific sustainability innovations as well as related implementation barriers, drivers and responsibilities; 2) a systematic review to identify supportive and impeding learning factors from the general literature that can complement case-specific factors; and 3) a method for the analysis and design of case-specific transition governance processes. Three case studies in Canada (topic: sustainable food systems), Cyprus (water-energy-food nexus) and Germany (sustainable heating supply) have been selected to test and iteratively develop the methodology described above. The results for each case study reveal that there are learning objects (i.e., learning requirements) in all learning contexts, which underscores the importance of multi-level learning in sustainability transitions, ranging from the individual to the group, organizational and policy levels. Actors have various opportunities to actively facilitate societal transformations towards sustainable development either directly through actions at their particular societal levels (i.e., context-internal learning) or indirectly through actions that influence learning at other societal levels. In fact, most of the learning factors require cooperation across learning contexts during the implementation process. The comparing of learning factors across case studies underline the importance of several factor categories, such as "physical a disturbance or crisis", "information and knowledge". Of the 206 factors identified by stakeholders, 40 factors are case-specific and not contained in the general, review-based factor list. This underscores the value of participatory research, as general, top-down analyses might have overlooked these case-specific factors. The methodology presented in this dissertation allows for the identification and analysis of case-specific intervention points for sustainability transitions at multiple societal levels. The methodology furthermore permits the analysis of interplay between individual, group, organizational and policy actions, which is a first step towards their coordination. The focus on sustainability innovations links the broad topic of sustainability transitions to a set of opportunities for practical interventions and overcoming their implementation barriers. The methodology presented allows for the analysis and design of these interlinkages between learning contexts. While the methodology cannot provide any "silver bullets" for inducing sustainability transitions, it is flexible enough to identify an appropriate abstraction level for analyzing and designing transition governance processes. The methodology developed in this doctoral research also provides several contributions for the development of participatory modeling methods in transition research. Thus, the participatory method supports an integrated analysis of barriers and drivers of sustainability innovations, and allows application in practice and education. The concepts and methods developed in this research project allow for reflection on transition governance processes from a systemic viewpoint. Experiences in the case studies underline the applicability of the concepts and methods developed for the analysis of case-specific transition governance processes. Despite substantial differences in the geographic location, culture and topics addressed, all case studies include promising sustainability innovations and the engagement of multiple actors in their implementation. The diversity and multitude of initiatives in the case study regions provides an optimistic outlook on future opportunities for large-scale sustainability transitions.
Business model resilience : understanding the role of companies in societal transformation processes
(2017)
Business model resilience (BMR) is introduced as a conceptual framework to better understand the systemic dimension of companies affected by and shaping sustainability transformations. It offers an interdisciplinary approach for management studies and a framework for orientation in management practice.
The contribution of the EU bioeconomy to sustainable development depends on how it is implemented. A high innovation potential is accompanied by considerable risks, in particular regarding the exacerbation of global land use conflicts. This article argues that a systemic monitoring system capable of connecting human-environment interactions and multiple scales of analysis in a dynamic way is needed to ensure that the EU bioeconomy transition meets overarching goals, like the Sustainable Development Goals. The monitoring should be centered around a dashboard of key indicators and targets covering environmental, economic, and social aspects of the bioeconomy. With a focus on the land dimension, this article examines the strengths and weakness of different economic, environmental and integrated models and methods for monitoring and forecasting the development of the EU bioeconomy. The state of research on key indicators and targets, as well as research needs to integrate these aspects into existing modeling approaches, are assessed. The article concludes with key criteria for a systemic bioeconomy monitoring system.
Grüne Labore als Reallabore
(2017)
Sustainable energy
(2017)